A Study For The Time-division And Characteristics Of The Three States Of Confrontation, Offense And Defense, And Intermittence In Wushu Sanda Competitions

Chinese Wushu Sanda is a kind of skills confrontational field fighting. It aims at the opponents'body as the object of attack, the opponents come close to each other through moving steps, they use the rapid and effective offensive and defensive moves to hit the opponents'body effectively, or to force the opponents lose their balance and fall on the ground or be eliminated, hence the players can get points for their effective attack, the one who acquires more points will win the game.According to the present study, Wushu Sanda is a sport counting on anaerobic metabolism for energy supply with a supplement of aerobic oxidation system. Evidently, the capacity of anaerobic metabolism is very important for the Sanda athletes. Physical stamina of Sanda is mainly the development of the ability of the lactic acid to supply energy, with the aerobic system as a supplement. The form of its movement is the continuous and intermittent movement in a fixed span of time. The key to improve physical stamina of Sanda is to enhance the body's ability to eliminate lactic acid decomposition, and anti-lactic acid.The comparison of Wushu Sanda athletes'energy supply between the training period and the match time is the main basis to evaluate the effect of Sanda stamina training. Sanda physical training projects are mainly about the elements of speed and endurance. To be specific for the event, the special training of endurance is mainly about speed, and the common training is mainly about aerobic endurance.This thesis, on the basis of nation-wide Sanda competitions, is an analysis of the features of the athletes at match, and divides the movement into three states of"offense and defense, confrontation, and intermittence"with reference to the relevant researches. Research is carried out on the three states from the span of time. Previous studies have discussed quite a lot on the technical and tactical action, but there is a lack of further redivision of a 3-minute round game, or the scientific support of time quantification for the form of redivision.The significance of the research aims to make detailed divisions of the three states of movement occurring irregularly in Sanda competition by means of direct observation records and to find out some relative laws, so as to provide data support to the degree of similarity between the training methods and the match time, and the improvement of those practical methods.The subjects in this study are the video data of the 2007"General Cup"National Men's Sanda Championship, which was held in the June 2007 at Jinan Huangting Stadium in Shandong Province among which 19 games have played three full-time sets.The author used image editing software"Ulead VideoStudio 11.0"to give a dismantling analysis for the gross time of every set of the Sanda competition. The video analysis is carried out on the two perspectives of time and frequency. The content of analysis is mainly about the athletes'three kinds of states in the competition--- the confrontation, offensive and defensive states, and intermittence l, the division of these three states in a same game, as well as about the inter relationship between them.The results of this study show that there are evident differences in the time structure of these three states---confrontation, offense and defense, and intermittence in the Wushu Sanda competition. The time division of these three states has meet the rules of Wushu Sanda competition, and it has ever changing non-cyclical, intermittent, cumulative, and repetitive characteristics.Under normal circumstances the frequency of occurrence for the states of confrontation, offense and defense in the same game remain usually consistent, and there are normally 14 to 17 times of confrontation or offense and defense, while the number of intermittence is only close to half of the confrontation or offense and defense, which appears about 9 times.Under normal circumstances the ratio of confrontation, offense and defense as well as intermittence in the same game is 2:2:1. If the athletes in the competition adopt the"hit-and-hold"method more often, then the ratio turns into 1:1:1. But if the athletes in the competition use the"hit-and-depart"approach more frequently, then the ratio will be 3:3:1.In a game, the average time for confrontation is about 4-5 seconds, time, the average time for offense and defense as well as intermittence is about 3-4.5 seconds. The duration of a game has little connection with the weight and scale of the athletes, it mainly depends on the hitting method of the athletes, or we may say the athletes'technical characteristics. Usually the more frequently the athletes resort to the"hit-and-hold"method, the more intermittence the game will have, and the longer it will last.An average set of a game takes roughly 2 minutes and 30 seconds to 2 minutes and 40 seconds. A game which has three full-time sets will take up 9 to 10 minutes. If the athletes in the competition use more"hit-and-hold"methods, the maximum of its gross time should not be over 4 minutesThis thesis takes a perspective of the actual situation in the regularity competition spot, demonstrates the three states in the competition and studies the time characteristics of the three states. Through the quantitative research, this study aims at finding out the regularity of the Sanda competition and providing a theoretical basis and reference data for the training of Sanda. Moreover, in order to cater to the actual needs, this study also provides some suggestions on time allocation in the training on the basis of the physiological nature of Sanda.