Analysis Of The Primary And Secondary School Teachers From Late Qing Dynasty To The Earlier Period Of The Republic Of China

The Primary and Secondary School Teachers group from Late Qing Dynasty to the Earlier Period of the Republic of China is accompanied by reform of the education system in modern China. Therefore, its emergence and development was in the time of modern Chinese society, so it has marks of both old and new times, is the combination of kinds of social forces. Primary and secondary schools of new types were established in the late Qing Dynasty around the country, made a sudden and larde demand of new teachers in primary and secondary schools. The problem of scarcity of teachers, even more than the difficult issue of school funding, become the biggest difficulty that constrainted the widely established of the primary and secondary schools and their further growth. In order to solve this problem, as well as to the further development of modern education, on the one hand, the Qing government ordered the establishment of a large number of Normal Schools for training new teachers for the primary and secondary schools together, on the other hand, sending students a large number of students to foreign countries, especially Japan to learn completely normal and accelerated teacher training to solve the problem of national teacher shortage. But both studied in the normal school or abroad had to take some of the learning cycle. the hith speed establishment of new primary and secondary schools made both of the methods did not alleviate the problem. In addition, during this period in China more than a thousand years of imperial examination system was abolished, the students of the old school who have not only lost the career path of rising, some poor family even the loss the economic life source, making life unsustainable. Then, these poor old students eager to teach in the new primary and secondary schools. One the one hand ,it alleviated the problem of shortage of teachers, on the other hand, solved the life problem of students of the old imperial examination system after its abolition. Therefore, a strong proponent of the Qing government encouraged the old students to teach in primary and secondary schools.However a large number of old-fashioned people mixed, while easing the teacher shortage problem, as a result of these old school people who have no knowledge of either Western or know little about, making the poor quality of teaching in primary and secondary schools greatly. The poor quality of teaching in primary and secondary schools directly impacted on the bottom of the general public especially people's recognition of new primary and secondary schools. New primary and secondary schools hardly got the rural people's recognition that made it difficult for rural development in the universal. New primary and secondary schools and private schools together constitute the two main streams of the late Qing and early Republican primary education, especially primary education in rural social.The development of primary and secondary education in Late Qing Dynasty has established a set of primary and secondary school teachers recruited and identify rules and regulations. The Central Division with a dedicated following general Secretary of the General Secretary with special responsibility for all small schools throughout the country of primary education and secondary education in the School Division. The local level, from provincial to county and township to the state school, respectively, so that the Secretary has mentioned, the general science courses and to persuade local government to a province responsible for matters relating to primary and secondary schools together. Late Qing Dynasty Hall the appointment of teachers of primary and secondary schools, will generally be divided into public and private recruitment recruitment. Open recruitment by the whole of society at all levels of executive, unified examination, interview, assessment that is appointed through the appropriate school from the faculty. Private recruitment, it is because a lot of primary and secondary school together during this period are set up in private at their own expense. Hall of private primary and secondary schools of these teachers, are generally adopted by the founder of recruiting from various channels. This also came to realize, late Qing and early Republican primary and secondary school teachers of the appointment system, or has its place incomplete. Late Qing Dynasty and the certification of teachers in primary and secondary schools together in the Central Board by the inspectors in charge, also mentioned at the local school so that the total charge of the Division. For those who have the appropriate qualifications, who can be exempt from testing; for the verification failure may make it the discretion to dismiss the nuclear case; the result of the accident were the loss of qualified teachers, then the revocation of their test instruments, any school can not be in employment.End of Qing Dynasty is a new start-up time of primary and secondary school together, although the charter school in a variety of primary and secondary schools together on the new school buildings, teaching equipment and teaching equipment, etc., have specific requirements and standards. However, since the war divided the End of Qing Dynasty, the social unrest, coupled with economic backwardness, lack of funds. Church of the primary and secondary schools during this period, in addition to setting in Province, it is important to the state government administration and a number of high school in a small school, or set up in economically developed areas in a number of high school or small school, the general primary and secondary schools together is not a rental advised Studies by, that is, from the temples, Taoist and converted the ancestral hall, new premises were seldom.. And teaching equipment, ranging from the general level of desks.In addition, other equipment is not nearly all. Late Qing Dynasty Hall curriculum in primary and secondary schools, have begun to pay more attention to the study of Western learning. In the school curriculum, the Western subjects and the amount of hours after the traditional secondary schools. And mainly as a result of primary and secondary education together, in addition to primary and secondary schools together to close down most of the students choose to work after. Therefore, the creation of a number of primary and secondary schools such as the Church manual, sewing and other subjects. Generally speaking, the late Qing and early Republican primary and secondary school teachers teaching and learning environment and conditions, is very difficult. Late Qing and early Republican primary and secondary school teachers salaries, although the Government has provided the relevant provisions of the regulations, but around the level of economic development of different provinces, school of high level or low level and teaching quality and quantity and so on, primary and secondary school teachers throughout the country still had great difference in pay . Basic show is: east of the coastal economically developed areas, primary and secondary school teachers'salary was higher than the economically backward areas in central and western inland;higher schools and elementary school teachers to be payed higher than the teachers in small schools. And I compared the salary of the primary and secondary school teachers with the working class of miners, skilled workers, shop staff and foreign staff's salaries; with the public servant and journalists class of the same period The comparison showed that the primary and secondary school teachers'salary income during the same period was in the middle and lower classes of society, especially the rural primary school teachers'salaries were even lower. And the primary and secondary school teachers of the lower wages makes a lot of them choose to give up teaching to the other careers, which directly affect the stability of primary and secondary school teacher group, and impede the spread of primary education and promotion in modern China.