A Study On Private Supplementary Tutoring Of Students In The Period Of Compulsory Education In The Urban China

Private supplementary tutoring, which attaches to mainstream schooling, aiming to enhance the students' school performance, thus is called"shadow education". Compared with mainstream schooling, private supplementary tutoring is difficult to be observated and monitored and relevant data is not easy to be collected, so only a few planners and policy makers have enough information about the supplementary tutoring. However, private supplementary tutoring has been flourishing in urban China and it has a profound impact on school education,society and economy, so it has become a very urgent and valuable issue. Using many methods such as literature analysis,questionnaire survey,interview and so on, this paper makes profound analysis and investigation about the probability of private supplementary tutoring,intensity,expenditure,forms,effect and affecting factors by doing the survey in 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools of Wuhan and Shenzhen.The study shows that: there are more than 70% of students of compulsory education receive some form of supplementary tutoring in urban china, junior high students receive more supplementary tutoring than elementary students; the expenditure of supplementary tutoring is in direct proportion to the family incomes and ratio of financial burden for education shouws the trend of regression with the increase of fanmily incomes, "helping the poor students " type of supplementary tutoring and "training the excellent students" type of supplementary tutoring co-exist; the majority of students think that it improves their performance by taking part in supplementary tutoring.Family income,father's educational level,stage of school and type of school have a significant impact on whether to receive private supplementary tutoring; there is no significant regional difference in the probability of private supplementary tutoring between Wuhan and Shenzhen's students.students' achievement has no significant impact on whether to receive private supplementary tutoring.Stage of school has a significant impact on whether to receive private supplementary tutoring.Family income, father's educational level, the location of school, stage of school and type of school have a significant influence on whether to receive private supplementary tutoring.In conclusion, private supplementary tutoring is family' self-trends driven by the practical benefits. It has played a compensatory role on condition that supply of quality education in our country can not meet the growing educational needs. Therefore, the government should permit the existence of private supplementary tutoring. At the same time because private supplementary tutoring strengthens test education and challenges the quality education, the government should have it regulated and monitored.