Female Education Of Northern China During The Period Of Ten Years Before Anti-japan

Since the later period of 1920s, the Movement of Countryside Construction arose in Modern China, and since founding the Nanjing National Government, it combined with County Politic Experiment and Country Building. Northern China Countryside Construction was ceased by the overall breaking out of Sino-Japan War. During this period, Northern China female education possessed peculiarity for itself; moreover, the Movement gave the education some driving force.Northern China female education, during the period of Countryside Construction, possessed special history surrounding. A surrounding which intertwining between general stabling and partial turbulence, large scale military operations and irregular soldier-robber calamity, continuously followed Northern China female education. Dilapidated economy and frequent famine restricted the action and strength in education development. The binding power of female education that from low female status in social ideas and female foot binding that hard to forbid had been strengthen by female matrimony problem. All above-mentioned were the surrounding of Northern China female education.The developing level of Northern China female education, in aspects of primary, middle and higher educating, was fell behind the whole level of China. The gaps were showed specifically in follow aspects: schoolgirl number developed slowly in all years; the ratio of schoolgirl's contrasts to students was lower, and female staff number had similar ratio. In the inner of Northern China, the developing status of Hebei, Shandong and Henan province had obvious disequilibrium. In Hebei province, the development of female education had better fundament which brought about clear earlier-stage advantage; Shandong province had a strong tradition attached importance to education which gave rise to quick teacher training and abundant aftereffects in developing; Henan province often found itself in a position of long-term wars and robberies which lead to worse base and slow pace in developing. Comparing with the whole country, these three provinces had some similar aspects in female education development: as a whole, the ratio of schoolgirl's contrasts to students grew bigger obvious; female staff and schoolgirls displayed certain relations in absolute and relative numbers; by comparison with primary, middle and vocational school, the schoolgirl's ratio of normal school contrasts to students was higher largely.The Provincial Education System of Northern China improved step by step in the pace with history. Provincial female education gradually brought into equilibrium. With whole education, province primary schools had overcome the problem of boys and girls are in the same school, and province middle school also had some breakthroughs in the same problem. Female education of middle, normal and vocational school, in quantity and quality, had some development be praiseworthy. First Female Normal School of Henan and Province Running Female Vocational School of Shandong made great contribution for cultivating province running primary school teachers and promoting female social vocation; meanwhile, province and private running also brought up a lot of female talent.The County Education System of Northern China, through making great efforts, had a preliminary founding. Female literate number still remained very few, at the same time, the deprived problem of children, especially the girls still unresolved far and away. Early childhood education had not been pay attention to by all the three provinces. The schoolgirl's level who accepted higher primary education was lower by far than the schoolboy's level and the schoolgirl's level who accepted lower primary education. Lower primary school was the main gradation of schoolgirls, which had great relations with the unresolved problem of boys and girls are in the same school, in higher even the lower primary schools of county running. Countryside Construction Movement's main unit was a county. Among the counties, Dingxian Populace Educating Movement created remarkable achievement in female aspect, Zouping Xiangnong(villages) School regarded Social Standard as center, and on the female education problem, showed some characteristics such as taking attention to spiritual mobilization, uneven student ages etc.The education power which influenced Northern China female was variety. Chaos of war and robber played a destructive role; the stability of local government directly decided female education development; the gradual resolve of the problem of boys and girls are in the same school was the core of female education equal right to carry out; the enthusiasm of intellectual, the binding powers from villages, the intangible forces in social ideas, and the tense teacher-student relations, are all affected Northern China female education in different aspects. The legacy of Northern China female education was the gradually changing in social atmosphere and progressively independence of intellectual female.