A Research On Support Demand Of The Rural Elderly And Its Influence Factors

Along with the economic development and the deepening of social change, as well as aggravating of population aging, the function of traditional family support and land endowment in rural areas becomes increasingly weak. Farmers'supporting problem has already become the most serious reality which is urgently solved in current rural areas. If not solved properly, it will affect the stability of rural society, and the construction of the new socialist countryside, harmonious society and overall well-off society. Essentially, supporting is the problem of senior citizens'demand and satisfaction. Therefore, in order to establish and perfect the social retirement insurance provision system in the countryside, it is necessary to study support demand satisfied situation of the rural elderly and its influence factors, and study corresponding countermeasures.Based on subjective common needs and actual demand of the elderly in rural areas, this study changed support demand into economic demand, medical demand, life care demand and mental support demand. Among them, the economic demand dimension reflected the satisfied degree with the balance of payments, while the latter three dimensions computed demand satisfaction scores with the form of Likert scale. This research object was the rural elderly of different ethnic groups in Guilin. According to level of economic development and national distribution, Xing'an County, Longsheng County and Gongcheng were selected as survey sites County. The author took quantitative questionnaire survey as the mainly data collection method and qualitative case interviews as the supplement. The author applied descriptive statistics and mean hypothesis testing, studied and compared supporting status of various dimensions, subjective demand and demand satisfaction in this thesis. The author also applied Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis to explore micro-factors of demand satisfaction and its influence size, and made theoretical or practical explanation. According to quantitative analysis data and qualitative interviews material, the author proposed policy measures to meet support demand for the elderly.The research results showed that: (1) The subjective demands from strong to weak are medical demand, economic demand, mental support demand and life care demand. Medical cost caused by unpredictable disease risk is often concentratively paid and it's difficult to control. Beyond that, the medical expenses account for the highest proportion of total expenditure, so medical demand is the most urgent demand for the rural elderly. (2) About the satisfied degree of demand, although income and expense is basically balanced, the economic demand of rural elderly has not been met. Restricted by the reality such as low-income and so on, the majority of rural elderly has to keep expenditures within the limits of income, live in living standard and can not afford medical costs.The satisfied degree of life care demand is higher than that of medical demand and spiritual demand. (3) The influence factors of balance of payments (that is, economic support demand satisfaction) of the rural elderly are, according to impact force in descending order are: self-evaluated health well, family net income, Han, self-evaluated health generally and the number of migrant workers. The five independent variables and the balance of payments have a positive correlation, and they can explaine a total change of balance of payments by 20.9%. (4) Yao, Miao, income of the elderly and other personal characteristics; two generation households, living with spouse, living in geracomium and other family characteristics, self-evaluated health status well and generally, life self-care and other health conditions; and sick care types can explain 34.2% of the medical demand in regression equation. (5) The influence factors of the satisfied degree of life care demand are: family net income, daily care types, life self-care, number of sons, number of migrant workers, living with spouse, living in geracomium according to the influence size in turn. The explanatory power is 32.9%. (6) The eight variables including frequency of trouble confiding objects, living with spouse, living in geracomium, frequency of daily chat objects, self-evaluated health status well, frequency of leisure activities, number of farming at home, income of the elderly can explain 48.6 % of the spiritual demand in regression equation.The author puts forward some corresponding suggestions through the above analysis: institutional arrangements should be made in macro-level, particularly the implementation of the New Rural Social Old-age Insurance System and reform of New Rural Cooperative Medical System; in medium-level, the Senior Citizen Association should be set up in villages; and family supporting and self-support should play a role in micro-level. In the end, we establish rural old-age security system which meets demands of the elderly to cope with the challenges of population aging better, and maintain the stability and harmony of the society.