The Comparative Study Of Martial Art And Taekwondo Classes In Harbin Regular Institutions Of Higher Learning

Martial art has a long history and massive cultural deposits and connotations, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. However, because of the impact of foreign culture, the globalization of sports, and numerous problems of its own, the development of Chinese martial art has been hindered, especially the development of martial art in regular institutions of higher learning.At present, in many regular institutions of higher learning both the martial art and taekwondo are served as an important part in Physical Education Teaching, but with taekwondo flourishing in ordinary regular institutions of higher learning, the status of martial art, a national sport with strong traditional cultural characteristics, has been unprecedentedly challenged. Students, on the one hand, like martial art, and would like to know more about it, but on the other hand they can get little interest in martial art classes, so martial art in regular institutions of higher learning is in a perilous position. Except for the reason of its non-Olympic sports position, the sport itself has so many different types and motions, but the most direct reason is that there is no easy way of learning it and it contains no meaningful cultural content. And as a foreign martial art, taekwondo is extensively developed in regular institutions of higher learning, it's not only because of its glory as an official sport in Olympic games, but also due to some internal reasons like that it's easier in learning and more practical in using from the aspect of technical characteristics, and at the same time it has a traditional cultural connotation like"start and end with etiquette". College Students represent the new emerging force of the social knowledge groups, and the sports which are popular at the universities and colleges can easily get its social recognition and replication. While the teaching of martial art as a form of college physical education is a remarkable result that we have achieved by inheriting and carrying forward the national culture. Therefore the teaching of martial art should bear the historical responsibility of developing traditional sports. Therefore, from the aspect of inheriting and developing traditional sports culture, there will be a far-reaching historical and practical significance to popularize and promote martial art in regular institutions of higher learning.In the process of the 10-year teaching, when engaged in the teaching of martial art, I have witnessed the rise of college taekwondo and the decline of martial art. In order to change the present situation, this article will take regular institutions of higher learning in Harbin as a case, in which 17 students in 680 universities and 34 professional teachers are involved in this questionnaire survey. And by using several means including the methods of documentation, expert interviews, questionnaire survey, comparative research, and mathematical statistics, I make a comparative analysis in the following aspects including the origin and the development history of taekwondo and martial art, settings of teaching curriculum and features of the teaching techniques, cultural connotation and manners in general college elective course. By borrowing the ideas how taekwondo has developed so rapidly in colleges and universities in Harbin city, I try to find out the reason why martial art has lost its charm, and to provide an important theoretical basis and a useful reference of the sustainable development of martial art.Conclusions are as follows: Once martial art had a profound effect on taekwondo by its unique cultural ideas and artistic characteristics of attack and defense, but in its modern development it falls behind taekwondo; but martial art is weaker than taekwondo in both propaganda and popularization. Taekwondo is relatively easier to learn, the learning-time is shorter, the effect is more obvious, and it is more practical; but martial art teaching has a complex content, a single form, and it is difficult to embody the characteristics of the art of attack and defense, it loses its cultural connotation, and it's difficult to arouse students' interests. Taekwondo emphasis on"start and end with etiquette", and etiquette is a concrete manifestation of practitioners' basic spirit. So relatively speaking, comparing with martial arts, taekwondo can cultivate martial morality, etiquette more and express the performance of traditional culture, rituals and the strong feature of national spirit much better.