Current Situation And Reform Conceive Of Personnel Training Modes In Normal Colleges And Universities

The Knowledge Economy Age highlights the fundamental status and essential role of education during the social development, while the normal colleges and universities play an irreplaceable role as the main force of training qualified teachers in the basic education. However, with the propulsion of the education reform and the changes of the teacher training policy etc, China's teacher education system has undergone a series of changes in recent years. Due to the diversification and specialization of the teacher education, normal colleges and universities face both exterior and interior competitions and pressures. These competitions and pressures specifically embody in the following aspects: firstly, the demand for teachers has been changing from quantity-demanded to quality-demanded because of the reform in the basic education curriculum. A teacher not only possesses the professional knowledge, comprehensive knowledge and academic accomplishment, but also good knowledge for education theory and high professional quality in practice, which makes demand of improving their teacher education for the normal colleges and universities. Secondly, approved by the policy of"encouraging comprehensive universities to develop teacher education education", some comprehensive universities have taken an active part in the teacher education with its relative advantage of comprehensiveness and technicality. This gradually form a new plural and open mode about the teacher education institution, which makes the normal colleges and universities face with great competition in enrollment rate, employment and personnel training and so on. Thirdly, there are some problems in teacher education process itself in advanced normal colleges and universities. On the one hand, subject structure and curriculum setting are too simplex. They can not take the"normal"and"academic"into account. At the same time, factors reflecting the characteristics of teacher education do not show the significant advantages, for instance, settings of the educational theory curriculum and graduation practice are easy to become a formality to some extend, which cannot reflect the characteristics of normal schools. On the other hand, there is a certain deviation in reform concept in many normal colleges and universities with its footing lies not in showing their advantages in teacher education, but in trying to get close to comprehensive universities, which results in the loss of the core competences.Facing with the above problems, it is the important duties for the normal colleges and universities to know how to fix its position correctly, to improve the quality of the teacher education to adapt to the new demand raised from professional development of teachers and to answer the competition of comprehensive universities successfully, and how to make teacher education have its own characteristics in the development of diversification trend and to improve the overall educational strength. It is certainly where the essentiality lies and the important issue faced by our normal colleges and universities when reform and develop that to construct a reasonable education personnel training model for teachers, to establish and improve teacher education personnel training system, to train personnel who can adjust to the times and make a difference in social change, and to provide high-quality teachers for fundamental education.This thesis is based on documentations research, comparative method and theory research. The writer collects and consults extensively the documents about personnel training modes and teacher education in the normal colleges and universities at home and abroad, and analyzing the materials theoretically. First of all, it takes a historical survey on our advanced normal colleges and universities respectively from the building of the normal education(1897-1904), transplantation of Japanese mode(1904-1922), transplantation of American mode(1922-1949), transplantation of the USSR mode(1951-the end of 20th century) to the open teacher education system in new century. It also analyzes the problems in personnel training of traditional normal education. Secondly, it analyzes current situation of advanced normal colleges and universities based on several schools which are characterized with reform, including"4+X"mode of Beijing Normal University,"2+2"mode of Sichuan Normal University,"3+3"mode of Shanghai Normal University,"3.5+0.5"mode of Hebei Normal University and"Full Training"mode of Qinghai Normal University. At last, based on this, it reflects on the personnel training mode reform of our advanced normal colleges and universities. It holds the idea that we must handle correctly the relations between teaching and technicality, wide knowledge and good foundation, theoretical teaching and practical training, as well as uniform requirement and development of personality. We should also reform the personnel training mode of the normal colleges and universities from reasonable location of normal schools, enhancement of school characteristics, optimization of curriculum structure, reinforcement of the practice education in advanced normal colleges and universities, and unification of pre-service education and post-service training.