Zhang Zai 's Theory Of Human Nature And His Educational Thoughts

The interpretation of "the theory of human nature" of Zhangzai from the point "education accomplish character", is a study and research of his "Tai Xu Ji Qi"-the theory of nature law, as well as a perceiving and acknowledging from the aspect of moral education. This article mainly concerns about modern education, comes up with educational problems existing by contrast of ancient and modern, learns the ancient theory of Confucianist, especially the educational thought of Zhangzai. According to Zhangzai,"etiquette" has universality for human, it’s the basis and precondition of "man is man",the fundamental part of human, for human is subject to elucidate and practice the "etiquette". While in reality, human has both the "character of nature" and "character of human"."Character of nature" is purest and kindest, it is impartial showed by human; While the "Character of human" is mixed with good and evil, is unpure, the outcome on human is Partial and incomplete. It is all because of the "character of human" that partial or impartial, talented or untalented of human. There have "saint" and "civilian" in reality, it is mainly depends on if "character of human" shield the "character of nature" or not. One would be "civilian" if shield by "character of human", and can not show the good part; otherwise one would be "saint" if hold on the impartial character and being unaffected of material desire. Though the "character of human" may influence the real life of human,but it won’t change or affect the "character of nature" fundamentally."character of human" is changeable by education. One can regain the "character of nature" and being "saint". The main process of this "changing" including:firstly, guide by the "character of nature", to "change and accomplish character"; secondly the purpose of "changing" should be regain of "character of nature". This process is also the process of "Education accomplish character", and the core educational thought of Zhangzai. One only can achieve etiquette, grown up an adult and a useful person at the basis of "knowing etiquette","being etiquette" and "performing etiquette". This series of philosophical thoughts are main course of Zhangzai’s education. This artical lies on highlighting the "Education accomplish character","Changing character", as well as distinguishing the entitative differences between "Education accomplish character" and the modern "value the knowledge and technology education". Based on the essence of the Confucian education, comparing ancient education with modern education, to "serve the present with the past" in the modern education by learning the excellent part of ancient education. This article showed the complementary effect of educational thought of Zhangzai to the modern education, thus to accomplish an ideal character and life for everyone of us.The theory of natural law "xu qi xiang ji" of Zhangzai would be "The dual theory of human nature" in real life. There have different and changeable characters, which is "character of human", and another purest natural character is"character of nature". For there have the evil part in the "character of human", which may affect and weaken "character of nature". We have to put "changing character" into consideration, study thoughts like "Education accomplish character", All of this requires human should be physically and mentally engaged, to perform the etiquette by knowing it, to show the etiquette by performing it, Which shows the universality of "changing character" in the process of "being human" and "being saint"."The dual theory of human nature" of Zhangzai confirmed its significance by its status and role in the philosophical thoughts. At the same time, showed the possibility of "changing charater".While Zhangzai permeated his theory "changing character" and "education accomplish character" into everyone’s life during the education, the "etiquette" plays significant role while one making various choices or insisting different basic principles.In modern education, valuing more knowledge and skills training while ignoring the moral education, had lead to a series of problems like:well knowleged "talents" with low moral quality, even high-tech crimes. We’ve been greatly inspired in moral education by learning "changing character" and "education accomplish character" of Zhangzai."Educator should help to accomplish the character of people. Only a moral person is a person. Educator is a person for being well educated " quoted from<Ana of Zhangzai>, page321. This shows that Zhangzai highly valued the moral education. To "accomplish character", one has to start from "changing character"."Education accomplish character" lead to "educator has the good character" and "being human". Man who has "good character" and always perform the "etiquette" is the one that the modern society really needs.