13th To 16th Century British Parliamentary Elections

The article explores the British Parliament elections from13to16century. Through the study of several aspects of theparliamentary elections in this period, such as the background,development situation and development history, the author considerit has certain significance and value, and it has an importantinfluence on the England constitutionalism.The British parliamentary election has generated and occurredearlier, there are two main factors for the parliamentary election,firstly the historical factors: Romanization, primitive democracy,the feudal aristocracy politics. Rome factors mainly embodied in theperiod of the reign of the Romans, the British administrative system,the provincial council system and the local Senate system, there arevarious factors of Rome democratic politics influenced thedevelopment of political system and civilization in Britain from topto bottom, they draw on the experience of the representative system,the electoral system, political results, primitive democracy mainlymanifests for the Anglo Saxon political consultation and personalfreedom tradition, the feudal aristocracy politics is mainlyreflected in the Witan, Royal Court, Parliament of Simon anddevelopment of “model parliament”. Secondly, the realistic factors:trade and taxation issues, local autonomous factors, the uniquejudicial system, the ecclesiastical electoral factors. Thecommercial trade and the power of taxation are the economic reasonsof British parliamentary election, commercial development, the riseof the city and the power of taxation are important motivations toconvene a national parliamentary elections, local autonomous factormainly embodies in county area system and borough system of Britain.The rise of citizen class provide main source of Britishparliamentary election, judicial system especially the developmentof the jury system, provides the consciousness of citizen participation in parliamentary election, the ecclesiasticalelectoral factors embodied in the European election of the medievalecclesiastical faculty electoral procedure, which providedreferences to the British parliamentary elections.The period from1283to1406is an active development of theparliamentary election, one after the year1406is the passiveelection. The characteristics of passive election period are lowlevel of enthusiasm, the enthusiasm of the men represented in theparliament are low, the main reason is the injustice of the electionprocess, limitations of early parliament, and civilians pay forsalary. The characteristics of active period of election is morepeople attended the county court, and the speakers in the electionprocess also more active, candidates campaign scenarios, legislativeactivities on the Parliamentary elections have become increasinglyfrequent. British parliament has experienced a down turn to a risingtrend of the development, early parliamentary continuous improveingin the development process of elections. This article study fromthe time of election, the division of election constituencies, theelection place, the qualifications of person to be elected,electoral qualification, general program of election and severalother aspects of this period of British parliamentary elections.Finally, this article try to evaluate the parliamentary electionsin this period from the features and value of constitutionalism.