Shaanxi Provincial Temporary Senate Study (1939-1945)

Modern Chinese people think that democracy is the tool for country’s survival and prosperity. After Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Chinese nation was faced with the problem of life and death. The KMT CPC cooperation against Japanese aggression. In order to effectively mobilize the forces of war, opposition factions required National Government organize the public agencies at all levels. The National Government decided to follow the trend, set up the National Political Council and provisional temporary council in the provinces.The democratic practice of the Conference Board of Shaanxi Province and Parliament of Shaanxi provided experience and lessons for Shaanxi temporary council.Shaanxi temporary council was established in July 1,1939, disbanded in December 20,1945. it hold 11 conferences and passed 710 bill. Shaanxi temporary council was a wartime consultative institutions, its function and power mainly include the decision, the right to make suggestions, the right to ask and the right to listen policy address. Senator thought its function and power too small and can not effectively run. So senator always wanted to expand functions, it did not succeed. Shaanxi temporary council always within the specified operating range of the National Government.The actual operation mode of Shaanxi temporary council contain hold a meeting, found the Secretariat, organize inspectorate, accept the petition, elect councilors. The Wartime environment determines its main objective was victory. Food governance and military service were the most important things. Food governance and military service were directly related to the outcome of the war,so Shaanxi temporary council gave a high attention.In these respects, Shaanxi Province temporary council put forward a lot of practical programs. Its principle was to balance the interests of the government and the people, endeavor reduce the burden of the people. With the advent of victory, Shaanxi temporary council paid more attention for building a modern Shaanxi, senator actively made a series of useful exploration for Shaanxi’s construction. As a force outside the system,Shaanxi interim council and provincial government had a complex relationship. On the whole, they had a harmonious relationship. However, there were conflicts in some major issues,and its more fully reflected the characteristics of the public institutions.Shaanxi interim council was the highest representatives of Shaanxi, and Shaanxi provincial government need the help of the interim council to carry out government decree. Particularly, senator were local elites, and they had great political potential.With the aid of Shaanxi temporary council, senator actively participated in the administration and discussion of state affairs, which had a major impact on all aspects of Shaanxi. Shaanxi interim council made a contribution for the victory, to a certain extent,reduced the burden of the people, provided lessons for the practice of the Shaanxi Province council.Shaanxi interim council was the combination of the western democracy system and the environment of the war, its was an important aspect of the modern Chinese Democracy.