On The Teaching Of Teaching Chinese As A Second Language Based On Cognitive Basis

Since the directional words have complicated grammar meanings and usages, they have been one of the research hotspots in linguistics field. At the same time, we also regard directional words as the most important and difficult part in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Among the directional words, “shang” and “xia” have been used frequently and they have various and complicated meanings and usages. This thesis will take “shang” and “xia” as an example, summarizes former research achievements about grammar meanings and teaching, analyzes the semantic changes and omitted rules of “shang” and “xia” based on the theory of metaphor and image schema from a cognitive view. This thesis will also summarize foreign students’ biased errors and their reasons of “shang” and “xia”, combining the teaching theory of Wang Ying, put forward some teaching and textbook compilation suggestions about “shang” and “xia”, so that we can probe some new thoughts and methods of teaching “shang” and “xia” as a second language.