A Study On The Development Of Tibetan Political And Religious Unity System In The Republic Of China

The Tibetan Theocracy System differs from any western theory and practice of Divine Right of Kings. It draws worldwide attention for its long duration and the completeness of its organization systems. In the Republican period, especially in the governing of the13th Dalai Lama, Tibet was in such an upset and underwent a transmission from traditional society to a modern society, where a series of changes took place to its theocracy system by the joint force of internal and external factors.Within and from the reign of Tongzhi emperor and Daoguang emperor Qing Dynasty, the western countries were exerting their force on China. While central government gradually loosened its rule in Tibet, Britain and Russia casted their greedy eyes on the place. Tibet was in a period full of upset when the13th Dalai Lama was in power. Under the times, he even once run away to Kulun County Inner Mongolia in the north and India in the south, and eventually changed his political view from exclusive theology to pro-British tendency, then back to central government and put forward his "political testament". Such changes had never happened to other Tibet leaders, include all previous Dalai Lamas and Living Buddhas. Consequently, that caused influence on Tibetan Theocracy System.The article begins with the development process of Tibetan theocracy and conveys the historical reasons and external factors which caused change to this system in the governing of the13th Dalai Lama. In the following, the author covers the new deal by Dalai Lama, expounds why he split with Panchen Lama, and points out its influence to the theocracy system. In the end, the author discusses the "political testament" by the13th Dalai Lama and his expectation to the Tibetan politics and religion, and reveals the historical inevitability of the Tibetan Theocracy System.To sum up, the article conveys the generation and development of the Tibetan Theocracy System by probing historical materials and adopting the method of historical research. And by adopting the method of political theory, the article goes through the changes of Theocracy from1912to1933and the power structure in Tibet, puts forwards a preliminary analysis of the historic rationality, and tries to make general statements on the changes of the Tibetan Theocracy System in the reign of the13th Dalai Lama in the Republic period.