On The Appointment And Service Of Foreign Officials In The Song Dynasty

The flow outside officer is a social class between the officer and the people, their emergence and development has experienced a long stage,It’s an important component of the bureaucratic system in China.The flow outside officer class has its profounded historical background,It’s developed by the "fu" and "shi" of the pre-qin period,In the original, It’s no difference with the officer, It can still more easily go into the bureaucratic team when qin and han dynasties, but the beginning of the northern and southern dynasties, until to the Tang and Song dynasty, The flow outside the official status plummet, gradually out of the ranks of officers, they are often be said mixed with the delineation.The flow outside officer and delineation and officials has a lot of contact, also has the very large difference, many of The flow outside officer comes from the delineation,if The flow outside officer wants to be aggressive. they need to inflow, and become the flow within the officials. But the definition is not distinct between the three,to understand the differents of The flow outside the officer’s test system and the position of the system is very helpful.Song dynasty, the Flow outside officer are broadly set of the central and the local state government, is responsible for the charge of the clerical work of the litigation documents, law and so on, and between each department officials outside the forehead is different Settings.Song dynasty also set up a Flow outside the key- the specialof the flow outside’s choose and test institution,the Flow outside officer are divided into nine level, each product has a affiliated level, only through test, can be in accordance with the law promotion, for the post of inflow in the future. Senior government agencies outside the flow of officer was promoted faster, lower flow outside officer is difficult to promotion,The flow outside officer is extremely strict on selection procedures,qualifications, knowledge, for the Lord has become a necessary condition.The Flow outside of the officer’s promotion is divided into Over the age of promotion, Exchange promotion, reward promotion, and elect promotion,and so on. only which the key to choose qualified, accumulation of years, and the officials introduction, even need to have to note,can be get the position. for the position of the fixed number of year, between different departments, different levels of Li Ren difference is very big,up to twenty and thirty years, as little as seven to eightyears, there are even three to five years. Inflow does not mean that immediately outside the officer grant, they have to stay on before station, the stay often have to wait for many years. Even improved in eventually sent, granted by different levels of The flow outside officer sent also over-soul, high level such as the book collectors, can be granted to please the doctor,butlow-level Li Ren only award book, commandant a small officer. In general,The flow officer outside granted level sent is gradually declining, it comes from the feudal literati class the deep-rooted Li Ren inner contempt in the mind. But after all,it provides Li Ren a path to promotion,has its historical significance.This article give The flow officer outside’s test and outside process a discussion in detail, hope to be able to sort out a clear context clues,and for a variety of tests back as ways and a variety of the system. This article also discusses the influence and historical significance of the flow outside the officer from the delineation, the flow outside is the important source of flow within the officer, the behavior must be a lot of influence on the operation of the functions of the government institutions, both has a positive effect, also have a negative impact.Officer outside flow solid professional knowledge facilitator normal operation of the country, its inherent corrupt nature also make illegal behavior in intensified, and flow outside the officer are in a sharp rise in the number of the song dynasty already serious redundant labor further.Finally, this article flow outside officer also as with the ancient and modern meaning, I hope to be able to borrow from the influence of flow outside job to find some beneficial reference for today, use the past to service today.