Tusi And The National Society In The Transitional Zone Of Sichuan And

The geographical environment of sichuan-yunnan border area in the middle reaches of Jinsha River is complex, there are many nationalities in such area. Toast as the national special rule to" Control of land and manage people ", China set up toast since the yuan dynasty, then the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the middle reaches of Jinsha River was set up a lot of toast. Toast system was developing and more perfect.Sichuan-yunnan border region in the middle reaches of Jinsha River is in the southwest frontier ethnic regions, the central government attaches great importance to the management of the Paddling in Jinsha River where toast.The middle reaches of Jinsha River is an important area of toast in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty, according to the principle of the west of jiang should not be bureaucratization of native officers, and the east of jiang should begin bureaucratization of native officers. The mass of the bureaucratization of native officers policy was implemented in the region east of the lancang river. In both sides of the Yangtze river middle reaches Special administrative zones have been changed, for example,there are Tufu, Tuzhou and Tuxian. But a large number of toast as the grass-roots level that contact Yi’s family supported structure closer is retained to the period of the republic of China, Such as Tu-qianhu, Tu-baihu, Tu-xunjian and so on.There are many Toasties along China Sichuan-yunnan border region in the early period of the republic, such as Wu Ding leping Tu-xunbu, Wu Dinghuan mulian Tu-tongzhi, Wu Ding huanzhou Tushe, Qiao Jia Touche Tu-qianhu,Lu Quant tanglang Tu-xunjian and Hui Li’s Lisha Tu-qianhu, Tong An Tu-qianu, Ku Zhu Tu-baihu, Zhe Bao Tu-baihu,,Hui Li Tu-baihu. Toast is still entitled to political, economic and military of supreme power, but the toast was general office and smaller.The government of the republic of China hoped to set up new administrative districts measures to the sichuan and yunnan border area,but the toast system was not completely abolished, so it had to accept the reality of the area there are residual toast, adoption of "slow" policy to bureaucratization of native officers policy of toast at the grass-roots level in this area. Through the establishment of local administrative system, legal system, education system, civil administration system. On the one hand, the toast power was compressed. In the process of was weakening the toast forces, tosat political privilege, land rights, judicial power gradually be lifted, Toast power greatly narrowed, some toast to the nature of the feudal landlords and conventions first shift, Toast was be abolished eventually gradually in the period of the republic of China or after1950;On the other hand, nation governance has gradually permeated through nationality social grassroots, by setting up "Ningshu tunken weiyuanhui" and set up national grassroots organization such as the town, the administrative Bao-jia system and so ob, strengthening the management of the grass-roots. It broken the traditional pattern of the past countries cannot control this region deeply, and it promoted national social happen major changes. Toast reform during the period of the republic of China involved land, administrative, military, education, and the judicial aspects. Land problem is the focus problem in reform of toast.