Study On The Actuality Of The Export Of Rural Labor In Hunan Province And Countermeasures

The report of the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC has pointed out: "A major task for building a well-off society in an all-round way is to make overall planning for urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop the rural economy and increase the income of farmers". "It is an inevitable trend of industrialization and modernization for surplus rural labor to move to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns", we should "guide the rational and orderly flow of rural labor". Hunan is a great agriculture province in central china, have lots of surplus rural labor and a low-level agriculture productivity, so how to allocate efficiently the rural labor resources at all times is an extrusive problem to obstruct the Hunan economy development.Hunan is a great province in the side of export of labor services. The amount of the export of the rural labor reaches 11994100 in 2003, and each has a income of $4500 one year, which is equal to 1.9 times of each farmer's pure income in Hunan province, and which implies that the export of labor services has a 75% contribution ratio to the increasing income of farmers. Compare to the whole nation and the nearby provinces, the export of labor services in Hunan province is at a middling-previous level, the ratio of the laborage income to the pure income is more 4.2% than the average level of the whole nation, and is higher than Hubei and Guangxi, and little lower than Jiangxi. The export of labor services is mostly derives from spontaneity and recommendation by relatives and friends.Because of the abundance of the rural labor resources, the shortage of the infield, the increase of the modernization degree of rural, and the expanded demand of urban labor force, the export of rural labor still has a swift development. It also is an inevitable trend of a harmonious development of urban and rural. The export of rural labor also offers enough labor forces for the course of urban industrialization.Because of historic reasons , the separate policy of urban and rural since the PRC has been founded, the dual structure in urban and rural economy and sociaty has been shaped, which results in a fact that it is difficult to allocate rural labor resources efficiently in the whole sociaty. It is incarnated particularly that the lack of high-level labors brings on an "employment flautage" and the rural workers are confronted with a bad treament and difficult to become industrial skilled workers, and the progress of other matching elements is lag.This article starts with the present development of the rural labor export, combines the national concerned system, the concerned policy, sociaty environment, and rural labor, particularly analyzes the main problems and difficults in the development of the export of rural labor, construes the obstacle derived from system and conditionality and the main cause of these problems. The article has probed into the guide thought, goal, basic principle, used for reference of successful flow experiences of rural labor from overseas nation, especially west developed country, put forward a countermeasure and suggestion to improve the export of rural labor and advance the harmonious development of urban and rural. Comparing with other researches, the argumentations and its grounds of this article have self-points and opinions.1, The theoretic base of the labor export subject is Marxist labor theory.2> Fixed on the subject of labor exports, Hie article has a research by shape of introduction, actuality, cause of formation, problem and counteimeasure, forms a uniform logic system. Specially, there are demonstrations and researches by collecting and handling a lot of full and accurate credible statistical data, charts and facts3 -. Using the technic of quantitative analysis, based on the researches of the ways and realization mode of the labor shift in overseas developed countries, this article has put forward a model conformation which aims at the surplus labor forces in the export of rural labor.4*. Analyzing thoroughly the problem of the labor exports in Hunan, the article advanced a policy and suggestion, which starts with a broken market segmentation of urban and rural labor, establishes an uniform urban and rural labor market, builds a labor name-brand and a social security system of export rural labors.