Research On The Sustainable Development Of The Migrants In The Three Gorges Reservoir Area

As the biggest key water control project in the world, Three Gorges Project(TGP) plays a highly valuable role in controlling flood, generating electricity, water transportation and supplying water, which is of great significance in the course of China's socialist modernization. However, the resettled people total to 1,130,000, which is rarely seen in the history of the world's project migration and is regarded as a worldwide sticker. Chinese government attaches great importance to the migration in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area(Three-Gorge migrants or TG migrants) and leaders of China emphatically instructed on several occasions that whether the migrants are well settled or not makes impact on the success of TGP and the social stability in the area. So making the migrants "moving out smoothly, dwell securely and become rich step by step" and realizing their sustainable development is the important work of the construction of TGP. At present, the resettling is in the third and fourth period, by the August of 2004, 933,000 people, 82.6% of the total 1,130,000, have been moved out smoothly. By the end of 2008, the garget of "moving out smoothly" will have been realized. But whether the migrants can "dwell securely and become rich step by step" or not and whether the whole Three-Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA) can realize sustainable development or not are left unsolved. So, the research on it is of theoretic and practical significance. Basing on previous research, considering the reality of TGP, TGRA and TG migrants, centering on sustainable development, this paper analysis migrants' present situations of production and living, the problems and advantages in the sustainable development of TG migrants, and then puts forward the strategic train of thought and the approaches to realize it.By consulting the theories of economic development, social development, sustainable development, the outlook scientific development, and building a well-off and harmonious society, the author concludes the current definition of migrants of TGRA and hold the idea that the definition be understood in the following two ways: in the narrow sense, the migrants of TGRA are those, also called directly resettled people, whose productive materials were destroyed; in the broad sense, they refer to all the people in this region, also called indirectly influenced people, whose productivematerials were not submerged but their interest was great affected or they contributed a lot for the project. Then the author explains the contents of the sustainable development of the resettlement, which stresses that the development of migrants and economy and society in the region must satisfy the need of modern people and must not cause any threats against that of future people.On the bases of historic experiences of reservoir-project resettling at home and abroad and of the features of this project, this paper objectively analyzes the situation of production and living and the problems and the advantages of the sustainable development of those people. At present, there is much space for their living and production standards to improve and many problems to be resolved. The sustainable development of the migrants is now faced with obstacles: the weaknesses of post-resettling supporting policies, comparatively conservative ideology, poor foundation facilities, lack of industries, inadequate land, backward social causes, the gradual decrease of state investment, etc. However, many advantages are still promoting the sustainable development here, such as rich resources, favorable policies, strong aid from other provinces, and the good spirit of the migrants.Pertinent to the above problems and advantages, this paper puts forward the strategic train of thought of the sustainable development of the migrants and makes clear the guiding principle and the strategic goal, task and emphasis. On these bases, the paper places the emphasis on the research into the approaches of its realization. (l)Effective measures must be applied to implement the aid policies of the state in strengthening the post-aid of the migrants which is the breakthrough and the critical approach to promote the development; (2)Quickening the economic development is the basic approach; (3)Enhancing the construction of foundation facilities is the important approach; (4)Promoting the urbanization is the effective approach; (5)Dramatically developing the social causes is the necessary approach; (6)Attracting investment on a large scale is the special approach; (7)Improving science and technology is the first approach; (8)Perfecting the social security system is the auxiliary approach; (9)Establishing the ecological economic special zone is the long-term effective approach; (lO)Reinforcing the building of the Party is the key approach.Through the synthesize analysis, the paper explains the concepts of Three-Gorge migrants and their sustainable development and insists that the concept must be understood in the two influencing factors of region and benefit and expounds the scientific meaning of the Three-Gorge migrants' sustainable development in the micro and macro senses; concludes that the migrants' current low standard living and production demands great attention; points out that Here are both problems and advantages in the Three-Gorge migrants' sustainable development; offers according strategic train of thought with the clear guiding principle and strategic aim, task and emphasis; suggests the sustainable development can be promoted in ten affective ways; finally introduces some problems which needs to be further discussed.