Study On Chinese Rural Human Resources Development In Minority Areas

Modern economic development has shown that a country's strength and thespeed of economic development increasingly depend on the quality of populationand the level of human resources development. Human resources have become amajor engine for economic development. Countries of the world are increasinglyfocusing on human resources development. More human resources stock and lowquality in Chinese rural minority areas, seriously constrain the local economicand social development. To speed up the process of modernization in ruralminority areas, we must vigorously develop local human resources and follow thepath of sustainable development.The thesis consists of four parts:The first part, theoretical analysis of human resources development (HRD).First is to define the category. Human resources (HR), which correspond to thenatural resources or material resources, are social resources that carriers of lifeorganisms. HR refers to the labor capacity (including physiques, intellectual,cultural and spiritual landscape) that the population have in certain areas, is thesum of intellectual, ability and capacity of manual labor people who can promotethe economic and social development. Human capital refers to the sum of thestock of production of knowledge and skills which are held within human beingitself. Human capital is the product of the education, which is the total stock ofnational public knowledge, experience and skills. HRD is a series of plannedactivities and processes. Its main content is scouting and training, developmentand utilization of human resources. Second is HRD' theory basis. I introduceMarx's theory of human resources, including human resources' content, role,theprivate identity and dependency, production supply, pricing, the way ofhuman resources forming and movement of population. Next I introduce thewestern human capital theories. The human capital thoughts of early economists(William Petty, Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Jean B. Say). The modernhuman capital theories of Theodore W. Schultz, Gary S. Becker and Edward F.Denison.The second part, rural HRD' problems in minority areas. First is the morestock and low quality of rural human resources in minority areas. The local HRare large amount and have high growth rate. Population' physical and culturalqualities are low, and they lack scientific accomplishment. Secondly,educationproblems in HRD. The main problem of education is inadequate funding foreducation, which is a serious constraint to the development of education. Next,education structure is irrational. It has no independent education system in ruralminority areas. Education has single structure, the management structure islagging behind and the development of training is blind. Local education hasparticularity. The area is remote, poverty, closed and backward. People are livingdecentralized there. And it is cultural diversity and multilingualism there. Thirdly,the irrational structure of rural human resources in minority areas, includingirrational industrial structure of human resources, irrational level distribution,irrational management structure and irrational geographical distribution. Fourthly,the coexistence of wasting and shortage of rural human resources in minorityareas. There is no unified urban and rural labor market, so a large number ofsurplus human resources are remained in agriculture. Local high-ranking talentsrun off seriously. Rural HRD in minority areas is not systematic. At present, theproblems are the lack of understanding of rural HRD in Chinese minority areas,the lack of comprehensive studies on rural minority areas and mainly the lack ofHRD systemic arrangements.The third part, the restrictions of rural HRD in minority areas. Firstly, weakeconomical and cultural basis of minority areas. In most minority rural areas, theprimary constrained factor in HRD is the low level of economic development. It'sdifficult to improve the quality of HR, because of weak education foundation,slow development and low quality of education in minority areas. Secondly, badcustoms. The bad customs, such as waste, luxury, egalitarian, traditional taboosand early marry, have severe impact of minority rural economic development andhinder the development of local human resources. Thirdly, outdated ideas. Localdevelopment and HRD are restricted by outdated ideas, such as minorityleadership seeking instant success and their short-sighted, local people feelingsatisfied with the present state of affairs and to leave their hometowns. Fourthly,natural conditions. Most minority areas in China are located in remote,inaccessible, adverse natural conditions, which has a serious impact on localeconomic development and people's lives. And it restricts local human resourcedevelopment. Fifthly, population restriction. The low level and low-speed of localeconomy, high-population birthrate and high growth-rate in minority rural areasbring tremendous difficulty to the local population throwing off the poverty anddeteriorate the conditions of HRD.The fourth part, strategy choice of rural HRD in minority areas. Firstly,reform the irrational customs and change the outdated ideas. Reforming customsmust be prudent and scientific. On the premise of respect and on a voluntary basis,we guide minority compatriots to reform their bad customs. Developing the localeconomy is the fundamental way to reform bad customs and change outdatedideas. At the same time, we must strengthen the building of spiritual civilizationand persist in reform and opening up. Secondly, we should accelerate minorityrural economic development. We must adjust the structure of agriculturalproduction in minority rural areas. Next, we must develop the national economywith local characteristics and develop comparative advantages. Thirdly, establishthe education system in minority rural areas. It is necessary to increase theeducation investment and establish lifelong education system in minority ruralareas. We should break the strict boundaries among general education, vocationaleducation, adult education and higher education. We should try our best to makeeducation for all. We must strengthen basic education, vigorously developvocational education, pay great attention to adult education and put forth effort onthe development of higher education. Furthermore, we carry out special measuresin response to the local special circumstances. Finally, provide complete systemof safeguard. We should establish basic security system in minority rural areas,formulate the stable population policy and talents policy, establish local HRD'assessment system and allocation mechanism.