| Agriculture is the foundation of our national economy, and China has placed agriculture into an important position, stressed to strengthen the industrialization and marketization of agriculture, increased agricultural production to improve the life standard of the peasants. However, rural land problems are always the main problem of peasants, which influence agriculture, rural areas, and peasants. With China's prosperous socialist market economy and global-developing agricultural situation, China's rural land system faces a new challenge. So the rural land transferring system comes into being. Adhering to the system of contractual managing rural land, our country push forward vigorously the rural land transferring, and farmland management in proper scale, which are the basic path to resolve pretty small scale of family management, land fragmentation and the uncultivated land, are the essential approach to agricultural industrialization and marketization, and are the important means to improve the efficiency of agricultural land management and international competitiveness of agriculture. To agreement of the State Council in 2007, Chongqing was allowed to be the National Experimental Zone of Comprehensive Coordinated Reforms for Balanced Urban and Rural Developments. And Chongqing's tasks are to increase the rural land transferring. The suburbs and rural areas in the metropolitan district, due to the geographical advantages, are faster in carrying out and adapting to the new system of agricultural land system than that of rural areas, and the outskirts of the city are the most cutting-edge areas in the development of urban and rural balancing. So, find the way and strength of agricultural land transferring and the obstacles in the metropolitan cities are the approaches to solve the rural land problem and realize the development of urban and rural balancing. Combine the microcosmic peasant rural land transferring behavior with the macroscopic performance evaluation of rural lands, it can figure out the main factors of rural land transferring, make sure of the evaluation, and promote to make policy of the relevant rural land transferring issues.So far, there are many articles about agricultural land transferring, but most of these are just from the micro level or at the macro level to study the barriers, systems and the approaches of agricultural land transferring. Therefore, it lacks of the comprehensive analysis of agricultural land transferring through the both. Moreover, in the light of the macro and micro aspects, things run well. The micro analysis is the foundation of the macro, while the macro is the sum of the micros. In that case, this paper makes use of the two ways of researches in order to do a comprehensive analysis of performance evaluation of peasants about agricultural land transferring behavior. This study chooses Shapingba District of Chongqing, in which is one of the typical metropolitan areas. On the basis of the relevant materials in the local government departments and 225 questionnaires, it helps to know the whole situations of this district and the basic conditions of peasants rural land transferring. At the same time, with the Logistic Model Analysis of peasants land transferring behaviors and the comprehensive index methods, it carries out the quantitative performance evaluation of agricultural land, and suggests the modification of rural land policies in Shapingba district.According to the survey analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions:①Agricultural land transferring behaviors in Shapingba District is based on the roll-out behavior, while the roll-in less. Through the field investigation and statistical analysis, the 87% of rural land transferring in Shapingba District are the roll-out behavior, and only a small number of people are engaged in roll-in behavior. The author thinks that there are many reasons. One is that the peasants have several employment opportunities to go outside to work, operate the small businesses easily, and gain the higher incomes in the way of non-farming management than the hard farming due to due to the typical urban area of Shapingba. So, the most of the peasants choose to let out their rural lands. Other is that Shapingba District is building a modern urban agriculture, and local government departments organize the local villages unitedly let out the agricultural lands. Meanwhile, the governments pay a lot of money for the peasants so that the peasants actively responses the acts, which the governments take part in the agricultural land transferring.②The agricultural land behaviors are affected by many factors in Shapingba District. According to the model analysis:the household contract land area, proportions of non-agricultural income families, quantities of agricultural labor force, the planting skills, the ratio of migrant workers, and the impact of government or the collective organization. All of the 6 factors have a great influence on agricultural land transferring behavior. And the regression coefficients are -0.527, 1.885,-2.624,-2.881,1.058,3.233. The proportions of non-agricultural income families, the number of migrant workers, and the impact of the government or collective organizations show the positive effects; household contract land area, quantities of agricultural labor force, planting skills relieve the reverse effect.③Some of the behaviors are led by the government in Shapingba District. As for Shapingba District government plans modern urban agriculture, which combines agricultural production, tourism, recreation, ecological agriculture together into one. So the local governments organize the unified behaviors to collect the part of the villages, and peasants transfer their farmland to move into the housing estate with the centralized residential infrastructure facilities. In that case, the governments pay peasants for the social insurances. After rolling out the agricultural land, peasants can not only gain the social security, but also be free from agricultural land. They can go into the agricultural leading enterprises to work, and engage in other non-farming jobs to gain incomes. Therefore, led by the governments, the peasants will take an active part in farmland transferring.④it slowly develops the markets of agricultural land transferring in Shapingba District. On the basis of the researching analysis, the reasons of the slow development of the farmland transferring are that many peasants wish to transfer their own lands without the good demand persons. On the contrary, the parts of the peasants want to broaden their areas of planting without the proper suppliers. The two conflicts are caused by the blocking the information of farmland transferring and the non-intermediary agents without the guide of governments. On the other words, the peasants sign the contract of farmland transferring in private and with unconventional operational processes.⑤The performance evaluation of agricultural land transferring in Shapingba District have greatly improved for five years. The comprehensive scores increase 11.24 from 2000 to 2004 into 33.84 from 2005 to 2009. The increase amplitude reaches to 200%. However, the performance evaluation of agricultural land transferring in Shapingba District is not high on the whole, and there is still much space to lifting. Each benefit evaluation in Shapingba District presents the whole trend: economic benefits>social benefits> ecological benefits. And the gaps among economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are growing bigger and bigger. In a word, in Shapingba District, it chases the maximization of economic benefits in the procedure of agricultural land transferring, but ignores the significance of social benefits and ecological benefits. |
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