Comparing And Analyzing Decision And Execution Of Chinese And American Fundamental Research Science And Technical Policies

The mass development and breakthrough of fundamental research enrich our depth and range of understanding the objective world. The accelerating of technical innovation and application step resulted from major breakthrough based on fundamental research is making the economic development transform to resources saving and environmental- friendly and make human more integrally developed. The new surge of science and technology with fundamental research as the resources and drive is undertaking the historic mission to promoting the human economic social sustainable development." Fundamental research is the source of science and all the developed countries are successively increasing the investment in fundamental research and seize the strategic highland of fundamental research. Our country is also aware of the importance of fundamental research and continuously enlarges the investment in fundamental research. With the investment of the state in fundamental research in large scale, our output in science and technology is also in a state of large-scale growth accordingly. Our papers included in SCI of our state mainly reflecting fundamental research status are continuously growing. Until 2009, the quantity of papers ranks on the second place of the world, just next to America. But meanwhile, seen from the frequency of SCI papers mainly reflecting the quality of fundamental research, we have relevantly less results with larger influence in international academic world. From 2000 to 2010, our state ranks on 12th according to the ranking quoted by every paper and the fundamental research level has much room for improvement.Because fundamental research is featured in fuzzy objective, high-risk and high yielding, the fundamental research shall be undertaken by the government. The policies in science and technology of fundamental research are important measure of all the states to support fundamental research construction. Taking National Natural Science Foundation of China and U.S. National Science Foundation for example, the important cornerstone of U. S. Basic research, this text compares and analyzes the decision and execution of Chinese and American fundamental research science and technical policies and builds the framework to understand the difference between Chinese and American fundamental research policies of science and technology and makes suggestions on our fundamental research science and technology policies.This research is mainly divided into 6 parts. Generally speaking, the first part introduces the purpose of the writings of this text and defines the core concept involved in this text; the second part is the relevant theory on policy decision and execution and lays theoretic basis for the comparison analysis on science and technology policy of NSF and NSFC from the perspective of public policy angle in the next text; the third part introduces the basic research system in the China and U.S. the fourth part has done a comparative analysis on the differences between decision on the policies of NSF and NSFC; the fifth part has done a comparative analysis on the differences between execution on science research policy of NSF and NSFC; the sixth part are the suggestions which can be referred by NSFC on the science and technology policy of the basic research.