Study On The Main Production Mode Opitimization Of Grassland Stockbreeding In Hexi Corridor

There are rich grassland resource and variety of grassland type in Hexi Corridor, where is the main production area in Gansu Province. Due to climate change, population pressure and overgrazing, etc, the grassland ecosystem in Hexi Corridor is deteriorating in long period result in affecting the pastoral development.Under the support of World Bank/GEF project, the survey of pastoralism was carried out in majority grassland area in Hexi Corridior. Based on the result of survey, the pastoralism in Hexi Corridior has been optimized in selected area, which including Mayinggou Village in Yongchang, Pingshanhu Township in Ganzhou, as well as Kangle Township in Sunan County. Aim at the changes of operation and management of pastoralism, the study has analyzed the impact of different grassland management pattern for providing the experience of sustainable pastoral development. The result of study showed:1. There are three types of pastoralism in Hexi Corridor, including:1) Agro - pastoral area with small area of grassland and mutton production, including Yongchang County, Mingqing County, Anding District etc.The issues was grassland using in disorder because the grassland using right (GUR) was unclear. 2) Grazing area in temperature desert with large grassland area, low productivity, and goat and camel production, including Subei, Ganzhou, Jiuquan, etc. The main issue was low livestock performance. 3 )Grazing area in alpine area with yak and fine wool production, including Sunan, ShanDan, Tianzhu, etc. The main issue was poor animal nutrition that caused low survival rate of sheep.2. The improved approaches in the selected pilot area were conducted and the results were ae below.2.1 Agro - pastoral area: Minyinggou village in Yongchang, the farmers participated a reform of grassland management of Householders Aligned Contract System (GACS). After two years, the livestock structure and size of householders were significantly changed, which the animal number was reduced 56.33 percent compared to non - reform period, in particular, the number of goats was reduced 85.55 percent. The pasture productivity was improved step by step. After the implementation of GACS, the yield of pasture was improved 10.39 percent. Meanwhile, due to the changed livestock production, the yield of wool and cashmere was improved 28.83 percent and 29.04 percent respectively compared to before the implementation of GACS. The average benefit of each livestock was increased 13.96 RMB Yuan, which enhanced 48.72 per cent. Comparison of the income of fifteen typical householders, the total income of these householders was 272937.4 RMB Yuan after GACS implementation, which was 1.16 times of the income of householders two years ago. The average net income of per person was 1208.69 RMB Yuan after GACS implementation, which increased 58.76 percent compared to the net income (761.32 RMB Yuan) of per person. The economical benefit was significant.2.2 Grazing area in temperature desert: Pingshanhu Township, the desert pasture area is 64596hm2,which account for 67.6 percent of total available pasture area. However, the stocking rate was low, only 0.29 SU/hm2. The lack of forage for livestock was 9.2×106kg,which account for 36.81 per cent of animal demands at same period. After the rest grazing for three years, the coverage and biomass inside fence for rest grazing was higher than grazing free area. By the means of silage corn sowing, the forage yield was increased 3.26 times than other forage species. By the silage making and forage processing, the utilization rate of corn stalk was improved 44.79 per cent. By the introduction of high quality cashmere, the production indicators of pregnancy rate, lambing rate, incidence rate was achieved or beyond to the production level of original producing area. The birth weight, body weight in eight month, and casher production of F1 generation was higher than native goats breed.2.3 Grazing area in alpine grassland: Kangle Township, the study conducted a comparison on indoor feeding in winter - spring and grazing freely on nature pasture. The body weight of ewes, replacement ewes, and lamb in experiment group were increased 5.1 kg, 9.8 kg and 6.9 kg respectively, which mean increased 11.72%,30.81% and 32.86% respectively. On the contrary, the body weight of ewes, replacement ewes, and lamb in control group was declined 7.3 kg, 5.0 kg and 1.0 kg. At the end of the study, the body weight of ewes, replacement ewes of experiment group was remarked significant higher than the control group (P<0.01 ). The quality of lamb was significantly higher than the control group. The net income of ewes, replacement ewes, and lamb in experiment group was 5.35Yuan/herd,45.65 Yuan/herd,and 59.57Yuan/herd respectively. The lost of ewes, replacement ewes in the control group was 28.32 Yuan and 13.05 Yuan per herd,the benefit of lamb was only 29.3 Yuan. The result above showed that the alpine fine wool sheep is more fit in indoor feeding and fattening, and warm pen can solve the issue of body weight loss of fine wool sheep in winter and improve fine wool production. As a result, the economical benefit of warm pen is higher than tradition grazing.