Study On The Governance Of The Common Pool Water Resource In The Rural Community

The common-pool resources refer to the goods with both excludability and rivalry. They are the common resources commonly shared by people in a whole system but shared privately as specific units. In practice, the common-pool resources are always the least concerned and have to constantly face a series of problems such as over-exploitation, deterioration of the system, exhaustion of the resources, and loss in efficiency of exploitation, which fall into two main points: First, the problem of occupation, that is, how to distribute the resources into fixed amounts over fixed periods of time; Second, the problem of supply, i.e. the equilibrium storage in the flow of the resources and the productivity of them.As solutions to the problems, many plans and theories are developed, with the following as the three main theories: the market theory, the government theory, and the spontaneous organizations and self-governing theory.There is a part of water resource in the rural community belong to the common pool resource. In this article, it is defined rural community common pool water resource. Currently, it appears a series of problems in the utility, maintenance and operation of this part of water resource, mainly include: the problem of resource occupation, the problem of demand, the problem of pollution etc. Because of these problems, many disadvantages are appeared: First, water is wasted badly and the efficiency of using water is poor; Second, the investors are absented on the common water resource facilities which belong to the rural community, the investing, building and maintenance are not very good, however, farmers would rather buy their own equipments to pump water so that it causes the over-investment; Third, the collection of water rate is very difficult, "moral hazard" lies widely in the deputies; Fourth, many farmers have the opportunism mentality and behavior when they use the water along with the others and a lot of dissensions are happened among the farmers when they are using water; Fifth, the water belong to the community is polluted very seriously in many rural communities, further more, the environment is destroyed. After analyzing with the externality theory, property right theory, common pool resource theory and game theory, we can find the basic reasons which leads to these problems .it is the characters of the common pool resource which bring on the externality in the using of water resource, then the morasses and...