Research On Employed Population In Shanghai

With the beginning of Pudong district's development & open-up, shanghai has developed rapidly. A great deal of labor force has floated to shanghai in search for better pay and job opportunities. But due to some institutions such as registration, employment,corn&food ration and endowment insurance institutions, which had been carried out since PRC's set up, registration institution and some related policies are still taking effect. So there exist labor market segmentation to some extent. As the biggest industrial city, shanghai is also involved in such segmentation. The segmentation denies market function, prevent labor force from trans-area and trans-career floating, besides, it can restrict HRC investment.The paper has given a general introduction about Shanghai's local and migrant labor force supply. Then it has reviewed the registration institution and related both in china and in shanghai and certify the institutional segmentation's existing using 2005 shanghai 1% population sampling data and the 5^th census data of shanghai. Based on the contrast and comparison in the two segmented sectors, the data verifies the segmentation. The paper has made a conclusion about social effects brought by segmentation. The effects on human capital investment, effect on job distribution& choice , the interrelationship between the segmentation and unemployment in Shanghai. Finally, according to the goal to build an international shanghai and to set up the harmonious society, the paper give some ideas about solving labor market segmentation problem. These mainly include: abolish the bad sides of registration institution and begin to carry out a comprehensive reform related to registration institution. As a nation-wide city, the reform need adjust to the urban planning, requirement of population macro-controlling and the carrying capacity of infrastructure.The main conclusion deduced from the paper is as follows:Firstly, the age structure of migrant labor force which mainly centralizes in the age between 15 and 39 is younger than that of local labor force. The sex ratio of migrant labor force above the age of 25 is on the high side, and it's culture level is obviously lower than local labor force's.Secondly, the occupational distribution between local and migrant labor force is different. Comparatively, local labor force is mainly distributed in specialty technology, agriculture, forestry, stockbreeding, fishery,water conservation industry and national department, while migrant labor force is mainly distributed in the field of equipment operation, business and service industry.Thirdly, rural migrants have lower treatment than local labor force in those factors that effect labor relationship, such as working time,contract endorsement and social insurance, etc. Besides, there are occupational differences. While city migrants almost have the same treatment in those factors as local labor force.Finally, the effects brought by registration segmentation lies in the restriction of accumulating rural human capital, mainly the labor force with low quality can't enter a senior labor market, then they lose the chance of "learning from working" , which depreciates their existing human capital constantly and make it much harder for them to find a job. As a result, they can only work in an inferior labor market. All of these lead to a malignant circle. While the institutional segmentation effects income distribution and unemployment, which represents as follows respectively: First, it goes against shrinking the gap between the high income and the low income, which is not good for constructing harmonious society; Then, though the protection for local labor force by government may be favorable for their employment in a short period, this policy won't solve problems thoroughly, but to remain the institutional root of contradiction sequentially.