The Investigation And Research Into The Hakkas' Dietary Culture In Hezhou

The thesis researches into the Hakkas'dietary culture in the city of Hezhou. Briefly introducing the survey of the Hakkas'dietary culture and expressing the purpose and meaning of the research, the thesis then analyses its forming and varietal characteristics in Hezhou. The city of Hezhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is a multi-national gathering place, where the Hakkas covers 26% of the whole city's population. So it is a relatively big city for the Hakkas in Guangxi. Although the Hakkas in Hezhou live in the multi-national living area, their cultural behaviors such as moral concepts, thoughts and actions, production and livelihood, folkways and customs, are mainly the traditional culture heritages of the Han nationality.The forming of the Hakkas'dietary culture in Hezhou has experienced a long time. It has been gradually developed with the Hakkas'practice that for generations, fought against the natural diseases, created their own culture, and combined the local diet with the cuisine of Central Plain. In order to adapt to different tastes, the diligent and plain Hakkas, with their own efforts, made good use of the local resources, transforming the coarse food grain and edible wild herbs into delicious food, cooking dishes of varied tastes, so that the Hakkas'dishes of Hezhou characteristics were formed, which maintained the experience of the traditional dietary culture in Central Plain, absorbed the cultural cream of Old Yue State. It develops with the Hakkas'developing and plays an important role in the Hakkas'culture in Hezhou. Divided into many categories, such as the type of staple food, of cooked dishes, of food, of pickles, of snacks, of freshment, the Hakkas'diet in Hezhou enjoys the good reputation of"original and delicious taste". It is different from other diets because of the following characteristics: in material respect, it requires the food that is grown wildly or domestically, in other words, the unpolluted"green food"; in cutting and slicing skill respect, it is like the Hakkas'characters---rough and simple; in cooking respect, it is often boiled and stewed with much soup instead of being fried and baked; in flavor respect, it is fresh and nice smelling, crisp and delicate, giving prominence to the main material.The thesis takes Fanglin village in the Babu District of Hezhou for example. Located in the upper reaches of Babu, Fanglin, whose back is mountains, where Linjiang River and Shibei River flow, now is a place famed for its pretty mountains and water, fertile land and smart people. Many national and family registers record the magnificent undertaking of the uniting and cooperating between the Hakkas and the local people. From four cultural respects, the Hakkas'sumptuous courses, drinks, dietary customs and utensils, the thesis introduces the Hakkas'dietary culture in Fanglin village. The ancient customs of the Hakkas'dietary folkways are strong. The local Hakkas, based on the thoughts that heaven and men are harmonious, that choosing what to eat is important for a healthy body, and that the five flavors mix, choose a special dietetic structure, which proves to be scientific and reasonable in the long-term historical practice. In Fanglin, the Hakkas'main food includes rice, porridge of varied kinds, different food made from rice, and the most important food grain other than wheat and rice---the sweet potato. The Hakkas'local delicacies have a great number of species---the total number of rice made of different materials and the pickles is over 100, which is quite extraordinary the Hakkas'dietary culture. The mixed stuffing of Fanglin is the representative flavor in the Hakkas'dietary culture in Hezhou. When the Hakkas moved into Fanglin, they learned the skills of different nations'brewing vegetables to create a new one, and then promoted the development of the skills. The excellent cooking skills and methods, with which the attractive dishes are produced, are what the Hakkas are proud of. There are four characteristics in the Hakkas'cooking of Fanglin: the cutting and slicing skill is artful and has a sense of beauty; the soup with vegetables are varied and special; the season foods are unique, apt to sweet and sour, but light; the cooking is fine and smooth, refined and tasteful, excellent in color, smell, taste, and shape. The culture of wine and tea in China is of ancient origin and long development. The smart Hakkas in Fanglin carry forward the two cultures. They have Lei tea with unique taste and rice wine with unadulterated and elegant flavor. Besides the two main drinks---tea and wine, some drinks made from fruits also become the beverages for the Hakkas in different seasons. The dietetic custom of the Hakkas in the village, in general, is consistent with that of the other local groups of the Han nationality, which reflects the peasants'character. However, because for a long time the Hakkas in Fanglin mainly have lived on cultivating land, weaving and handiwork, they have some differences from the rest in the dietetic etiquette culture as well. The Hakkas'dietetic custom culture in Fanglin shows their living natural environment, economic conditions and cultural psychology, is the carrier of comprehensive culture constitution and the Hakkas'personality. In the village, the Hakkas pay close attention to"four seasons and eight festivals". In other words, when the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, the 15th Day of the 7th lunar month, Mid-autumn Day, the Double Ninth Festival, or Midwinter comes, people spend most of their time preparing meals while in other festival or time they don't. In the very early time, the ancient people came to think that the earliest ceremony and propriety came from eating. The Hakkas in Fanglin fully inherit the ancient culture of Central Plain. They are enthusiastic and hospitable, respect the teachers and the senior, and attach importance to morality and manners. There are etiquette and taboos in eating, not to mention in worship. As the old saying goes,"the tasty food is inferior to the nice utensil."No matter what the utensil is used for, cooking or ladling, it should be delicate, so that the flawless effect comes out. With the Hakkas'utensil culture in Fanglin, we can feel deeply its unique connotation.The research into the Hakkas'dietary culture in Fanglin has not only the significant historical and academic meaning, but also the inestimable value for reference for the present, especially the future food and beverage industry, the travel industry, even the economic development of Hezhou. First, it is good for further learning and revealing the origin, the developing rules and current situation of the Hakkas'dietary culture in Hezhou. Second, it benefits deepening the knowledge of the Hakkas'historical culture achievements and their important contributions to the long history and brilliant culture of the city of Hezhou. Third, it is benefical to promote the cultural exchange among the Hakkas, other groups of the Han nationality, and the minorities, so that they influence, urge to precede each other, and the cohesive force of nations in Hezhou is strengthened. Fourth, it helps to raise the enthusiasm of the Chinese overseas. Fifth, it is favorable to promote the Hakkas of new generation to add glory to the ancestors'excellent tradition, inherit the ancestors'outstanding moral characters, and then devote themselves to the construction of the city. Finally, it is in the interest of pushing forward the economic innovation and prosperity of Hezhou.