Research On Transference Of Rural Land Contract And Operation Right

With the implementation of China's household responsibility system, the market of farmland transfer for the rights to use farmland has gradually formed and developed. To promote the development of farmland market, governments debut many laws, regulations and policies. However,the anticipated purposes fail to be obtained and abundant farmland transfer does not follow. Until the mid of 1990s, the rate of China's farmland transfer remains low. From the end of 1990s till now, with the rapid development of national economy and the increase of Non-agricultural people, the tendency of farmland transfer is speeding up, whereas the rate farmland transfer is still low compared with other developing countries, there is no fundamental change and the phenomenon of land uncultivated still exist in some areas, which is not helpful to enhance agricultural benefit. Thus, it is a key issue for theorists how to develop the farmland market and speed up the farmland transfer, ultimately enhance the agricultural benefit. Meanwhile, it is an important issue to develop the agriculture of our country now.This paper starts from the current characteristics and existing problems of transference of rural land contract and operation right in our country, analyzes deeply about the factors that restrain transference of rural land contrast and operation right according to relevant theories, which includes Property right theory, Land rent theory and System vicissitude theory. On this basis, structures the institutional policy environment that adapts to the market-based transference of rural land in order to promote standardized and orderly transference of rural land contract and operation right, to improve land resource distribution efficiency.The paper has been divided into five parts as follows: Chapter 1 Explains the backgrounds and the significance, the basic mentality as well as the characteristics and the initiatives, such as Land property right in countryside, transference of rural land contract and operation right and form of it. Then there is literature summary, which summarizes the domestic and foreign literatures related to farmers'farmland transfer. At last research technique and article structure are narrated in Chapter 1.Chapter 2 Relevant theoretical research of transference of rural land contract and operation right. The economic theoretical foundation are institutional changes theory in new institutional economics, Marx rent theory, property rights theory and so on, which also has guidance functions to the transference of rural land.Chapter 3 Analyze the characteristics and the existing problems of transference of rural land contract and operation right. In recent several years, the transference of rural land takes on new characteristics: the obvious speedy of the transference, the expand area of the transference, the diversified form of the transference, the Pluralism of the participant, and the local government actively takes part in the transference of rural land contract and operation right. In practice, transference of rural land contract and operation right takes on a great deal of defecting, such as substandard trade, low distribution efficiency, which directly restrain the rational flow and the optimize distribution of the land resource of influence the sustainable development of the agriculture and rural economy. Besides, the term of project contract is excessively long; the farmers are pushed aside the land and their benefits are suffered; the local authority uses the administrative method excessively and receives the benefit actuation; the contractor changes the land use, which affected land benefit.Chapter 4 Restrain factor research of transference of rural land contract and operation right .Take a broad view of the institutional environment and the develop condition of the transference of collective land in our country, among them there are still some incompatible restriction factor, including: the bigger of agricultural comparison income, the more demand of transference of rural land contract and operation right. So there is more advantageous to speed up the transference of rural land contract and operation right; the land regulation is a common phenomenon in countryside, which causes insufficiently anticipation of the contract householder to the land operation right, which reduce the investment land and the land benefit. Objectively the contract householder may suspicion the possibility of holding the land at a long time, which reduce the demand of transference of rural land contract and operation right and influence the rate of transference of rural land contract and operation right; The development of economy and proportion of non-agricultural employment is being related with the rate of transference of rural land contract and operation right. The second and third industry's development lead to shift of peasant. The peasants who own the operation right are willing to transfer the land, which may increase the supply of rural land contract and operation right and is helpful to transfer of rural land contract and operation right; the cultivable land with the current land system is a special commodity and has the functions of social insurance. It is difficult for peasants to transfer rural land contract and operation right. So the rate of transference rural land contract and operation right is low.Chapter 5 The policy recommendations of perfecting transference of rural land contract and operation right. Fostering and perfecting the rural land transference market is the guarantee of the standardization of transference of rural land contract and operation right .First, respect the willing of peasants is very important because of the particularity of land. Secondly, Development of non-agricultural industry can decrease the dependence of land, Including encouraging the rural enterprise, training a great deal of technical personnel and reforming lateral economic ties ;Thirdly, strengthen the management and guidance o f government and avoid the"offside"and the"vacancy"; Besides, improve the agricultural benefit and increase the demand of; At last, improve the external environment of the land market development of transference rural land contract and operation right.Seen from our country's fundamental realities of the country and the economic development condition, the land is the most basic social security of the farmers in a long time. We should understand that the land transference of countryside is unbalanced long-term process.