The Research Of The Paths To The Transferof The Surplus Rural Labor Force

The transfer of the labor force in rural areas is the inevitable rule in the development of society and economy, and the necessary trend in the process of industrialization and modernization in China. The issue of the labor transfer in rural areas is linked to the problems of how to build the new socialist rural areas and how to construct a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China says, in order to build the new socialist rural areas, what we should do first is to develop modern agriculture and township enterprises, strengthen the economy in counties, transfer the farmer's employment in various channels, and improve farmer's income. Agriculture,rural areas and farmers are the basic issues in the Chinese modernization. Our country is the one with long history of agriculture, with the rural population accounting for 70% of the total. Since the reform and opening-up policy, especially the practice of the household contract responsibility system, large amount of rural labor has been freed from the land, and formed a special community---the surplus labor force in rural areas. The labor force tries in various ways to get rid of the traditional livelihood, i.e. the land, in order to seek other paths. The core in three dimensional rural issues is the farmers. The key point in solving this problem lies exactly in how to transfer the surplus rural labor from pure agriculture to non-agriculture. The purposes of Nantong's boosting its agricultural and rural economic development lie in reducing the number of farmers and promoting the transfer of the surplus labor force in rural areas. After the 1990s, great numbers of state-owned enterprises are annexed and bankrupt, because of the gradual deepening of the reform. Therefore, plenty of laid-off and re-employment workers appear; meanwhile, the township enterprises which developed with strong force in the past begin to emphasize the developmental quality, resulting in the slow speed in employment. These contribute to the great difficulties in the transfer of the surplus rural labor.Nantong, near the Yangtze River and enjoying a unique position, is exploring the ways on how to transfer the surplus rural labor, which is also under discussion in this thesis. The transfer of the surplus rural labor is the important issue which many countries, especially the developing ones are greatly concerned about. A lot of scholars in various fields do research on the issue from different angles, and obtain a great deal of results. The economists, especially, the development economists, do further research on the subject and put forward some valuable views and opinions. And the scholars in our country draw conclusion from the practice and raise some theories and models, which play an important role to solve the problem of the labor transfer. But there must exist shortcomings in the theories or the models, so we should do more research to find the theories with Chinese characteristics.The thesis consists of six parts. The first part presents the background and meaning of the transfer of surplus rural labor force, as well as the literature about the different paths from both home and abroad, and the thought and methods in this thesis. The second part introduces the basic theoretical analyses of the transfer of the surplus rural force. The third part analyses the history and the present condition of the transfer in our country (Nantong). The fourth part shows the problems on the present transfer paths and the limited factors. The fifth part indicates the transfer paths in foreign countries and the enlightenment inspired by the international experience to our country. The sixth part, associated with the practice in Nantong, presents the effective paths and the correspondent measures in the transfer of the surplus rural labor force under the new condition.