Study On Control System Of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution In Jilin Province

During recent years, along with the fast development of global economy, environmental problems have already emerged gradually. In terms of the characteristics of the source of pollution, the environment pollution could be classified as two parts, the point source pollution and the non-point source pollution. Because the point source pollution is always let concentratively, it has got effective controlling. Contrary, based on the characteristics of being abroad, hidden, fuzzy, stochastic, time-lapse, the non-point source pollution seems to be hard to control. So it has become one of the most crucial tasks on environmental protection.As the agricultural country with large population, our country continued the rough agricultural product and management model in a long time, so the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has the more serious hidden trouble. As the important plant area of food supplies in our country, Jilin province is also confronted with the same threaten from the environmental problem. The quantity of the usage of chemical fertilizer during the agricultural production in Jilin province is higher than the average value of our country, and it has been more than 3 times of the average value of global level. In this way, only focused on the single index of the force of the chemical fertilizer usage, the diffused extent of agricultural non-point source pollution would be higher than the average level of our country. In order to keep the sustainable development of agriculture and to achieve the sustainable utility of the agricultural resource, the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province needs to be solved urgently.To compare with the agricultural developed province in China, such as Zhejiang province and Jiangsu province, Jilin province paid less attention to the agricultural non-point source pollution and took less action on supervising. The interrelated researches began later than other province and lacked of experience of controlling. Face to current situation, it's not only necessary, but also urgent for Jilin province to carry out studies on the controlling system of agricultural non-point source pollution which focus on the concrete situation in Jilin province.This paper based on the academic analysis and the investigation, focused on the actual situation of agricultural production, agricultural development and the extent of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province, carried out the studies on the controlling system of agricultural non-point source pollution, put forward the notions of controlling, the goal of controlling and also the measures of controlling in different aspects. In this way, this paper supplied the basic applied research on the effective control to the agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province, and offered the scientific gist and reasonable policy advices for the beginning and going on further of the controlling.The main studies and conclusions are as follows:1,This paper took advantage of the theory of externality, property right theory, the theory of the supply of public goods, transaction cost theory and the main theory in behavioral economics to analyze the problems which would be faced during the controlling process of agricultural non-point source pollution about the externality, the allotting of the property right of agricultural resource, the option to the supply model of public goods, the measure to reduce the transaction cost, the characteristics of farmers' behavioral decision during agricultural production and the factors which influenced their decisions. The result of the theory analysis put forward some requirement to the controlling as follows:(1) To build and consummate the market mechanism, enable the run of the market mechanism to become perfect, and offer the base on which the controlling of the agricultural production model could be achieved by the fluctuation of price and the ratio of cost-benefit.(2) To make the property right of environmental resource clearly. The owner of the environmental resource property right could divide the right into different parts, such as the ownership, usufruct, controlling right, protection right and so on. In this way, the different right could be allotted to different owner in order to improve its management efficiency, to strengthen farmers' consciousness of environmental protection and to offer adequate incentives to farmers to adopt green agricultural production system. Of course, the cost of right allotting should be controlled and the ownership of the property right should be stable.(3) The government should strengthen the control and supervise, and execute the command controlling and effective restriction according to the legislation and the criterion of environmental protection. Meanwhile, national finance should increase the power of sustaining to the supply of public goods and satisfy the needs of basic establishment, technological equipments, massive supervisor equipments which were necessary during the process of the controlling of agricultural non-point source pollution.(4) To allot the mixed property right of agricultural production resource to farmers.(5) During the process of controlling, the agricultural production should be arranged based on the win-win production frontier between the economic benefits and the environmental benefits.(6) To make full use of the agricultural financial market to solve the problem of the deficiency of capital on the supply of agricultural public goods.(7) To make the behavioral main body improve their abilities about information collection, and to improve the information publishing mechanism in order to reduce the information cost during the market transaction.(8) To develop the agricultural education item further, make the morality act on the restriction to the pollution emission behavior. The technique education could also strengthen farmers' environmental protection technique.(9) To expand agricultural insurance item, and to offer the guarantee of stable income level to farmers.2,Based on the game models, this paper analyzed the decision process and the decision game among fanners and also between farmer and government one by one about whether the farmers had the positivity to take part in the controlling measures of agricultural non-point source pollution. The result of the analysis shows that when the government did nothing on supervising, farmers didn't have the positivity to take part in the controlling measures. But when the government played the role of supervisor, farmers would begin to take part in, and the necessary condition which could ensure the achievement of the Nash balance of (yes, yes) is that, the amercement of emission should be higher than the cost-saving coming from being absent to the controlling measures. In the game between farmer and government, all of the farmers took part in the controlling measures was the situation of Nash balance, and the achievement of the Nash balance asked for enlarging the gap between the strong supervisor and the weak supervisor. The larger of the gap, the more effective of the controlling. Meanwhile, the efficiency of controlling of the agricultural non-point source pollution also require to reduce the cost of supervising comprehensively. In fact, this is the real requirement of reducing the applied cost of the core technology in controlling.3,This paper also took advantage of the game models to analyze the Nash balance among farmers and also between farmer and government one by one about the problem of the supply of agricultural public goods. The game result shows that, during the game process among farmers without cooperation, the Nash balance of the farmers' decision would be not to pay for the supply of public goods. In this situation, only the compelling agreement could change the balance point. If there was the cooperation among farmers by communication and mutual information, the balance of sharing the cost of public goods would be arrived at. If the compensate cost after sharing the public goods would never less than the applied cost paid in advance, the result of decision of behavioral body would achieve the game balance and the total social utility optimum at the same time. During the game process between farmer and government, how did the government judge the importance level of the social welfare would influence the government's inclination of paying for the public goods in large extent. Along with the rise of the importance level of social welfare, the government's inclination on supply the public goods would increase. At the same time, the government also could carry out certain tax item.4,Based on the investigation on rural area in Jilin province, this research learned more about the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province. The pollution chiefly derived from the excessive usage of the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide, livestock breeding, the emission of the dirty water and solid rubbish without refining, the lack of agricultural irrigation system, and so on. The reason of that the farmers chose the pollution emission behavior is that farmers have weak consciousness of environmental protection, their knowledge of environmental protection is deficient, and they still need the further education and train on the technique of environmental protection. Besides, the factors such as the agricultural yield, the fertility of farmland and the price of chemical fertilizer couldn't form the rational effects on the farmers' decisions and behaviors under the actual situation in rural area in Jilin province. All of these facts come into being the external base of the controlling of agricultural non-point source pollution.5,To connect the theory analysis, the investigation in rural area and the analysis result of the actual situation, this paper formed its unique notion of controlling, which contained the avenues of agricultural production specialization, agricultural clean production, agricultural development modernization and the pollution controlling specialization. This controlling notion covered the whole life cycle of agricultural production from the "pollution treatment in source" to "the incentive in the end". Considering the goal of agricultural development and also the new countryside construction in Jilin province, this paper confirmed the goal of controlling of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province, which covered the yield object, income object, and the pollution treatment object. Besides, this paper also build up the system of controlling measures which focused on the different aspects of the controlling, such as the technological controlling measures, the policy controlling measures, the informal institutional controlling measures, and so on. After that, the controlling system of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jilin province was build up by the notion, goal and the measures.