Modern Xinjiang Oil Industry Development Abstract

Petroleum is the essential important energy of the economic development and humanity lives, material refined from petroleum such as gasoline and diesel oil is important fuel which all power machines relies on, therefore petroleum is called"the industry blood". The airplane, the tank, the armed forces ship and the carrier vehicle must consume massive petroleum, too. Therefore petroleum also becomes important strategic resources. Petroleum is important raw material of modernized countries. If there hasn't been petroleum, the humanity's history of civilization would be rewritten entirely.The area of Xinjiang is vary large, mineral resource of Xinjiang is vary rich, including petroleum, natural gas, coal, bituminous rock and peat coal, and petroleum (natural gas) and coal is the superiority mineral resource of Xinjiang. The history of developing and using oil in Xinjiang is long, and Xinjiang is important area which petroleum stockpiles in our country. According to Statistics, there are 49 sedimentary basin in Xinjiang, the total area of Xinjiang is approximately 950,000 square kilometers, occupies 21% of the whole area of the national sedimentary basin (4,500,000 square kilometers). Xinjiang is the local which has most good prospect on mining petroleum (natural gas) in our country. Many domestic and foreign scholars thought that petroleum output in Xinjiang might be equal to Saudi Arabia in the future.Since the 20th century, Xinjiang has become our country's oil production base. The tushantze oil mine was established in the end of 1930s, and it was the first enterprise which Chinese and foreign (Soviet) invested together in the oil industry. It used advanced drilling technology at that time, constructs quite advanced refinery to carry on the crude oil processing. In the 4 years when period Chinese and Soviet Union jointly managed the tushantze oil deposit, altogether 33 wells had been drilled, and more than 10,000 tons crude oils had been attained. The tushantze oil deposit became the most important oil deposit in China except the Yumen oil deposit.In Xinjiang petroleum history there has been two high tides. The first high tide appeared in the end of the period of Qing Dynasty, the second high tide appeared in the period of Sino-Japanese War.In the end of the period of Qing Dynasty, the western powers produced great interesting to the petroleum resources in Xinjiang, and tried to come to China to mine the petroleum resources. Facing the national crisis, many people maintained that Xinjiang should be exploited so as to defend the enemies from foreign counties. So Xinjiang oil industry appeared under the management of the officers in Xinjiang. After investigation, the officers of Xinjiang decided that an oil mine should be established in the tushantze area, exploiting the oil resources here with modern methods. After the revolution in 1911, because of the confusion of political situation, the local government closed the tushantze oil mine, and the course of Xinjiang oil industry's development stopped temporarily. In the end of Qing period, the local government of Xinjiang produced active effect in the course of Xinjiang oil industry's development. After frequently attachment with the western powers, the local government of Xinjiang found that exploiting the oil resources is very important to making a county more powerful. So they exploited the oil resources in Xinjiang actively, taking all kinds of measures to establish Xinjiang modern oil industry. Just under the officers of Xinjiang local government's efforts, modern Xinjiang modern oil industry appeared.In the early years of the period of the Republic of China, Xinjiang oil industry's development stopped temporarily. In 1930s and 1940s,Xinjiang oil industry became flourishing again,Xinjiang oil industry developed quickly. Especially in the period of Sino-Japanese War, oil resources was further exploited. The reason was many-sided. Extension of the requirement of oil in the market built foundation for the development of Xinjiang oil industry. Modern wars relied on oil more and more, but the China's ability of producing oil was very poor, couldn't the meet the need of the war against Japan. The need of the war impelled the government try its best to exploit the oil resources in Xinjiang.In the period of Sino-Japanese War, the domestic oil industry developed in high speed, and it became an indispensable important condition to the Sino-Japanese War's victory, it also provided powerful aid for antifascist war of the world. In this period, Xinjiang oil industry developed magnificently, it will be carried on the annals forever.In modern China, Xinjiang oil industry's technique was very backward, and the ability of producing oil was also very low, speed of the improvement of Xinjiang oil industry's technique and ability of producing oil was poor, too. The reason was many-sided. The poor level of agriculture was not advantageous to the development of Xinjiang oil industry. The self-sufficiency economy restricted the domestic market of oil. Large numbers of imported oil from foreign counties competed with Xinjiang oil industry. The investment from central and local government to Xinjiang oil industry was limited. Because of scarcity of management experiences, many measures of the local government of Xinjiang were not good enough, it was not advantageous to the development of Xinjiang oil industry, too.Because since long ago the economy in Xinjiang area had been backward, the level of agricultural mechanization was very low, the self-sufficient economy occupies a dominant position, the agriculture of Xinjiang was unable to provide the essential material base for oil industry. Therefore from the end of the Qing period to the national liberation, oil industry of Xinjiang developed extremely slowly. Even in 1930s and 1940s when oil industry of Xinjiang developed rapidly, the modernizing level was still not high. The tushantze oil deposit has paid heavy price as a result of the complex political and economical reasons. The slow and difficult development course of oil industry of Xinjiang also reflected the typical characteristic of China's modernization course in early time.