On Chinese Dissemination Mode Of Science And Technology In Late Qing Dynasty

The late Qing Dynasty was the period when modern western civilization and traditional Chinese civilization firstly encounter on a large area. The modern western civilization was the representative of science and technology, the traditional Chinese civilization was the representative of agriculture, this two kinds of civilizations' contact and Collision extensively led to the consequence which initiated the western civilization of science and technology in China and promoted the Chinese science and technology development., it had brought about many inspirational things in the process of spread because of the essential difference of two kind of civilizations. On the other hand, China and Japan were the feudal system countries before the modernization, they introduce the Western science and technology nearly simultaneously, but their destinies were entirely different. The systematic study of the science dissemination pattern of the period of the late Qing Dynasty have greater theoretical and practical significance for us do well the technical dissemination and the technical development today.During the period of the Self-Strengthening Movement, western science and technology were widely dissemination through many ways in China, such as material form, missionaries, westernized education system, international students, translation and publication and so on. modern hospital in China extended the scope of acceptor for the scientific dissemination, and the modern Chinese enterprises provided great power for the dissemination of science and technology. In the period of Wu Xu Reform and the New Deal, China was at a period of transition from the feudal empire to modern state , the establishment of educational system and modern libraries and the perfection of the policy of studying abroad promoted the dissemination of science and technology in China. The dissemination mode of science and technology has changed from "retaining Chinese learning as substance and adopting western learning for use" into "China-and-West-Merge" in this period.The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part is introduction, the author has introduced the reason that we choose this topic, the definition of relative concept, the domestic and foreign research on the present research situation, a new idea and research method of the thesis, and then it come up with the study framework of the thesis. The second part is the dissemination pattern of science and technology during the period of the Self-Strengthening Movement. By analysing the dissemination ways of science and technology during the period of the Self-Strengthening Movement, we may induce the dissemination mode of science and technology in this period. The third part is the dissemination pattern of science and technology of the period of Wu Xu Reform and the New Deal. We focus on analysing the special dissemination ways of science and technology of the period of Wu Xu Reform and the New Deal. The fourth part is the two comparison research on the dissemination pattern of science and technology during the late Qing Dynasty. The first is the contrast of the dissemination mode of science and technology between China and the western countries in the late Qing Dynasty, that is the contrast of the dissemination pattern of science and technology under the background of different social sysems. The second is the contrast of the dissemination mode of science and technology between China and Japan. We explain the difference on the dissemination pattern of science and technology between China and Japan by analysing the difference on the dissemination factors of science and technology between China and Japan during the late Qing Dynasty. And we conclude that the difference come from the difference of the nature of the counties between China and Japan. The fifth part is a conclusion which summarized the research result of four parts above mentioned.