The Sustainable Development Of Resourced-Exhausted Cities

The resource-based cities are the ones that rise or grow up because of the exploitation of natural resources and in which resource-based enterprises occupies a large proportion of regional industry. In accordance with the National Development and Reform Commission in 2002, "China's resource-based study of urban economic restructuring," the report on the resource-based cities in the definition of standards, a total of 118 of China's resource-based cities. After the State Council promulgated "the State Council on the promotion of resource-based cities of the number of views of sustainable development", National Development and Reform Commission has determined the first batch of resources-exhausted cities on March 17 ,2008. a total of 12 cities have been included. In March 2009, the State Council determined the second batch of resources-exhausted cities, including Jiutai City, Jilin Province.Jiutai City in Jilin Province is a city which based on the discovery of coal, also have a prosperous time because of coal, and now is fading due to coal.YingCheng coal mine in Jiutai City was a former state-owned key coal mine, since the indigenous mining since 1860, after the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China during the reign of Japanese Puppet Regime, as well as the liberation of a number of exploration stage, has been 140 years of mining history. It has made a significant contribution to the country. However, in recent years, due to the increasing depletion of coal resources, coal mine operators of the brilliant history of the city a thing of the past, coal production declining year after year. Business in April 2002 in accordance with the law city Mine bankruptcy, in July 2003 formally transferred to enterprises where the management of Jiutai City. At this point, the history of the enterprise business development came to an end, at the same time also had a domino effect to the sustainable development of Jiutai City, brought about a number of issues: economic development has been slow, the pressure of employment and social security, and eco - serious damage to the environment, infrastructure conditions of poor conditions of medical education backward, very critical social contradictions. Jiutai city's development fell into a difficult predicament.The article holds that the reasons for this plight of these areas are mainly:First, the "fast flow of water," the policy of resource extraction bring a damage. In a period of time, in order to speed up the accumulation of the funds, "fast flow of water," the policy of resource exploitation has led to the plundering of resources, and extensive mining, the survival and development of some resource-based cities have to face a serious threat,their economic growth is extremely slow, and have some very serious social problems. Extensive exploitation of this policy, resulting in improper development of resources and waste, damage to the present and future generations of generations between the long-term interests, bring about a serious impact on the region's sustainable development.Second, the impact of abnormal economic structure. Mainly includes three points: first, a single industry structure, the imbalance development; Secondly,followed by the resource dependence, the proportion of heavy industry is too large; Fanally, the proportion of state-owned economy is too large, the ownership structure is irrational.Third, the disadvantages on the system of the state-owned property rights.The resource-based enterprises in resource-based cities have an environment of serious lack of unclear property rights and the status of the owner, making the interests of resource-based city government, business and the local residents have suffered in any way. On the one hand, these reduced the impact of the resource to the residents which concerned about the state-owned enterprises ,and affected the state-owned enterprises of the rational and effective allocation of assets, also restricted the flow and transfer of state-owned property rights. On the other hand, these affected the interests of local residents and the economic behavior of the main resources of the economic performance of enterprises.Fourth, the compartmentalization of the shackles of the formation of the management system. At some time in the past ,the separation of government and enterprises as a result of the planned economy, the resource-based areas carry out the fragmented management, so that the coal companies and local government boundaries of the rights and obligations are orderless. This led to the business and local governments did not form a positive interaction for many years, which towards in the economic, social and environmental protection management are in a disadvantaged position.Fifth, the distortions of the prices and tax in the system. Over the years, China carry out the price system of "high-value commodity, low-cost raw materials, resources priceless,", the sharing of resource-based cities is relatively low in tax system, leading to a massive outflow of interest, lacking the capital accumulation of resources-based city, leading to slow economic development in thees regions.Through the above analysis, this paper put forward the following practical measures for the sustainable development of Jiutai city: first, developing the continue and alternative industries, optimizing the industrial structure. The continue and alternative industries including continue industries and alternative industries. We should select the follow-up alternative industries according to the industrial, location and resources of Jiutai city. Second, to transformate the traditional resource-based industries, and to enhance its polarization effect. Essentially this is a process of the evolution of the traditional industry to high-tech industries or high value-added industries, through the efficient development and utilization of coal resources, we can extense of industrial chain, extend its depletion period, access value-added processing, make the resource-based industries promote other enterprises, increase polarization effect ,lead to Jiutai city economic development. Third, we must strengthen infrastructure construction, hareness the ecological environment.The infrastructure of Jiutai city has suffered serious damage, a serious impediment to economic development in the region. Therefore, we need increase the Jiutai city infrastructure investment and construction, the city will be mine subsidence business transformation, governance and economic restructuring, housing employment, urban development planning, combining the work of the residents had moved out to achieve the relocation of residents and subsidence synchronous development of industry, and promote the rapid development of the regional economy. Fourth, accelerate the construction of urban re-employment project. After the depletion of resources, whether coal or Jiutai Yingcheng city government, the lack of placement capacity of laid-off workers, which requires the central and local governments in this regard at all levels to take some special support policies and measures. Fifth, improve social security work. Social Security is the perfect resource-exhausted cities in sustainable development an important guarantee for the smooth conduct is conducive to the stability of urban society, we must take positive measures to improve the social security work. Sixth, we can establish the city mining system integration. The process of economic restructuring, the Board must make concerted efforts to mine for Common Prosperity. Rationalize the relationship between the mining and town, establish the city mine integration system, implement separation of government from enterprises. Seventh, we could strengthen regulation and control resource exploitation, make the establishment of resources and eco-compensation mechanism. When the state input the resource from the resource-based cities, we must at the same time compensate for its economic resources. In addition, in order to protect the ecosystem cycle of good wins, and preserve the interests of intergenerational relations, we must establish an ecological compensation mechanism in resource-based cities, to prevent distortions in the allocation of resources and low efficiency. Eighth,we should deep the reform of property rights system, and establish the modern enterprise system. Resource-based cities gather the state-owned enterprises and large enterprises, the Government own a variety of power, but the enterprises have not dependent property rights ,that is not an economic entity. This government-run system, hindered the development of industrial transition and local economic development. Therefore, we must deep the reform of property right system, get rid of a single model of state-owned economy, establish the new system which fit the need for sustainable economic and social development.