| Rural labor movement and agricultural modernization are the most important factors in the development of rural economy in our country.Since the reform and opening-up policy got enforced, rural labor movement has played an important role in the development of economy,which is one of the main reasons in promoting the sustained economic growth.It makes a great contribution to the improvement of famers' income and urban-rural development.However,rural labor movement also produces problems,such as talent flight in the countryside,poor quality of renewable labor force, low utilization rate of agricultural resource,which add up to the difficulty in developing rural modernization.In the tendency that rural labor force may be over transferred,it is meaningful to discuss agricultural modernization after the transfer of labor force.Based on the reality in Chongqing,the text first analyzes the interaction and coordination between labor movement and agricultural modernization,and then it discusses the patterns for the development of agricultural modernization after the transference of labor force.In the end,it brings forward the proposals on policy.PartⅠthe main content of research1.Review of relevant theories about the transference of rural labor force and agricultural modernization. Through the review of related theories and books,ensuring the frame and content of research, we know that surplus rural labor force equals surplus agricultural manpower.Based on the relationship between the transferred manpower and the surplus manpower,labor movement is separated into three stages,which are stagnant transference,moderate transference and overbalanced one.2.General situations of rural labor movement and agricultural modernization in ChongqingFrom reviewing the process of rural labor movement in Chongqing,the text analyses its scale, characteristics,tendency and etc,and discuses the problems existing in the development of agricultural modernization after recalling its actual conditions and process.3.Evaluation on agricultural modernization in ChongqingWith the establishment of relevant indicator system,we evaluate the level of agricultural modernization since Chongqing has become a municipality.From the vertical and horizontal comparison with the national and Zhejiang level,the text analyses the relevant influential factors of agricultural modernization.4.Analysis on rural labor movement in Chongqing and interaction of elements related to agricultural modernlizationThrough the analysis of the establishment of Simultaneous Equations Models on the elements of agricultural production in Chongqing,the text analyzes the relationship between agricultural labor movement and land,technology,capital and the impact of urban-rural income gap.5.Impact and interaction of rural labor movement to the modernization of agricultureFrom the angle of relevant elements brought by transfer of labor force,the text analyses the impact of rural labor movement on agricultural modernization,and reveals the impact mechanism of the relevant factors on agricultural modernization to explore the impact of labor movement in different stages on agricultural modernization.Meanwhile,it also analyses the impact mechanism of agricultural modernization on rural labor force.6.Research of harmonious development between rural labor movement and agricultural modernizationFirst of all,we should establish a evaluation criteria on the harmonious development between rural labor movement and agricultural modernization.Secondly,we must forecast the surplus rural labor force in Chongqing.Finally,in order to analyze the harmonious development between rural movement and agricultural modernization,we have to combine the situations of the surplus rural labor force,intransferred manpower and the development of agricultural modernization,to explore mechanisms for their harmonious development.7.Inspirations and experience of agricultural modernization at home and abroad The text analyzes the policies and measures from America,Japan and West Europeans, Zhenjiang,Shandong,Taiwan and other countries and regions in the process of agricultural modernization,and gets the inspirations and useful experience in favor of the agricultural modernization after the rural labor movement in Chongqing.8.Patterns of agricultural modernization after the rural labor movementBased on the theoretical analysis discussed before,combined with experience from developed countries and status in Chongqing,we get a pattern for the construction of agricultural modernization of Chongqing municipality.PartⅡthe main conclusion of research1.Rural labor movement is accordant with the construction of agricultural modernizationThere is consistency between rural labor movement and agricultural modernization that they can promote each other,which is a good way to promote the development of rural economy.2.Rural labor movement in Chongqing is stepping into well development periodFrom the review and analysis of rural labor movement in Chongqing,we get the idea that the transfer of labor force has gong through three stages,which are administrative guidance oriented, spontaneity-oriented and governmental guidance oriented.The transference of labor improves famers' income,and promotes the construction of city and towns.In the future,the number and scale of labor movement will be larger and larger,stability will be enforced and more intellects will come back to their hometown.With the guidance of government,the transference of labor force is stepping into benign development in the new period.3.Low-level and problematic agricultural modernization in ChongqingIn the pattern of big cites developing the economy of the nearby rural areas,there are problems of poor infrastructure,shortage of human capital and fund,difficulty in popularizing techniques and other issues in developing agricultural modernization.Through the evaluation on the level of agricultural modernization,we find out that it develops rapidly whereas it is still in the elementary stage on the whole.The main reasons for the low-level agricultural modernization include poor conditions for agricultural production,inadequate investment in agricultural development,low economic structure,low income and living standards of farmers.These reasons can be attributed to too much agricultural labor force.This phenomenon indicates the existence of surplus rural labor force affects the development of agricultural modernization.4.Agricultural modernization improves the transference of surplus rural labor forceAccording to the analysis of Simultaneous Equations Models on the interrelationship of the factors in agricultural production,the phenomenon of surplus rural manpower is serious in Chongqing nevertheless the decreasing cultivable area and the improvement of agricultural mechanization has promoted the transference of rural labor force.5.Labor movement in different stage affects agricultural modernization differentlyFrom the analysis of the relevant elements brought about by labor movement,we know hysteresis in the transfer of rural labor force or transfer of advanced and transfer in unstable phase will not be conducive to the healthy development of agricultural modernization.Only the modest labor movement can promote the development of it.6.The inconsonance between the construction of agricultural modernization and rural labor force yet the level of coordination is becoming higher and higherWith the acceleration in the pace of rural labor movement,the transfer of labor tends to be equal to the total amount of surplus labor.From the vertical,the level of coordination between the rural labor movement and agricultural modernization has been constantly promoted and this trend will continue in the future.However,in lateral view,the coordination between them is instable. Before 2002,the phenomenon is lacking of labor movement and the transference of rural labor force lags behind the development of agricultural modernization;after 2002,it is the inadequacy in development of agricultural modernization,which lags behind rural labor movement.As a result,it is necessary to focus on agricultural modernization when increasing the labor movement.7.Enforce the pattern on agricultural modernization in Chongqing by borrowing experience at home and abroadBased on the theoretical analysis,status in Chongqing and experience of agricultural modernization at home and abroad,after the transference of labor force,the way should be established in agricultural industrial base and comparative advantages and resources.Agricultural modernization should be market-oriented,powered with technological progress and based on innovative mechanism,focusing on the new varieties of agriculture,new technologies,and Speed up the use of modern means of production,science and technology,facilities,equipment and management.We should take the road of 'mechanization,technology,standardization, market-oriented,outward-looking,and industrialization' and the integrated developmental pattern of the Six,building a modern agricultural industrial system with a significant economic,social and ecological benefit.PartⅢmy original points1.The impact of labor movement on agricultural modernization from the angle of factorsAccording to the analysis,labor movement has both positive and negative effect on the modernization of agriculture.In order to achieve a healthy development of agricultural modernization,the two must be developed harmoniously.2.The establishment of harmonized standard in rural labor movement and the development of agricultural modernizationThrough the analysis of the incompatible performance of them,we derive out the harmonized standard of the two and take appropriate indicators,establish the evaluation formula for the research of coordination between rural labor movement and agricultural modernization in Chongqing.PartⅣproposals on policy1.Establish institutions to realize the harmonious development between rural labor movement and agricultural modernizationWe should intensify the training of rural labor movement and transfer the surplus labor;give migrant workers the same treatment to achieve stability in the transference of labor force;establish security system in rural areas to achieve effective transfer of land;speed up the construction of urban-rural integration to increase the attractiveness of rural areas to achieve the free flow of elements;increase the inputs on intelligence,technology,capital and other factors in agricultural modernization in order to create the conditions for agricultural modernization.2.Accelerate the construction of agricultural modernizationWe should further establish the concept of reform and innovation;deepen system of comprehensive land use,management of rural collective economy and the reform of management mechanisms for agricultural development;further strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure;improve the agro-ecological environment and perfect the system of protecting and supporting agriculture.At the same time,promoting agricultural modernization can not be limited to agriculture.We must provide necessary protection and support to optimize the external environment and conditions for the development of agricultural modernization. |
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