The Disscussion Of Shanghai Residents' Water Pricing Methods

Water resources are the key factor for urban and economic development, nowadays water resources are becoming less, but there are also many residents seriously wasting water. A scientific and reasonable price formation mechanism is the key way to solve the problem which can lead residents make best use of water and facilitate water saving. It is important that, however, the water price has an extremely complex impact on residents'water consumption, which not only has a relationship with the water saving, but also a direct impact on public acceptability, socio-economic development and environment. In this paper, with the consideration of water pricing theory inland and abroad, the water pricing analysis is based on water conservation as well as fairness and efficiency. The paper also analyzes a series kind of water pricing methods, especially focus on the outstanding advantages of ladder pricing method. With the qualitative and quantitative methods, the paper provides a solution for shanghai residents'water pricing in order to raise some ideas of handling with water shortage and price reform.In theory, this paper first uses the economic theory to explain the characteristics of the urban water industry, then based on the target of pricing, it makes a suggestion of water price structure. With the consideration of water pricing theory research inland and abroad, a variety of pricing methods characteristics are discussed in detail, especial focuses on the scientific and practical of ladder pricing method that it highlights the promotion of water save as well as the improvement of efficiency and social fairness.In practice, this paper introduces examples of residents'water price methods inland and abroad. From the view of water supply and demand contradictions, it suggests some good experience from the international pricing system, and it also concludes the development of our country's water system in different stages and problems which needs to be solved. In evidence, this paper analyzes the Shanghai residents'water pricing methods. From the actual situation, based on ELES theory, the paper builds a ladder water pricing model, which shows the relationship between water price and consumption. Data Simulation is applied from the demand view, which takes full account of the water user's ability and cost recovery of supply enterprises. At the end, the paper gets conclusion in each ladder price and volume, it hopes to provide effective implementation of Shanghai water price reform.