The Adjustment For Agricultural Subsidy Policy Of The United States And Their Inspiration To China

The adjustment for agricultural subsidy policy subsidy policy of the United States and their inspiration to our country are studied systematically in this paper with the methods of normative analysis, empirical analysis and comparison analysis. The paper has five parts:The first part makes clear the purpose and significance of the topic; the second part sets out the related theory on agriculture subsidy policy; The third part researches the American agriculture subsidy policy adjustment and evolution; The fourth part discusses the influence of agricultural subsidies and the trend of adjustment; The fifth part comes to a conclusion of their inspiration to our country.Through the study of this paper, the main conclusions are drawn as following:(1) Under the situation of the countries in the world taking part in international trade for agricultural products, agricultural subsidies that are trade protectionism due to giving the distortion for agricultural trade lead to a profit for great agricultural trade countries. According to the principle of rational person maximized interests, the strategy of not setting agricultural subsidies should be disallowed as an inferior strategy. In this case, the agricultural subsidy system will come into being. At the same time, under the influence of national interests and the international environment, etc. the agricultural subsidy system also need to be constantly adjusted.(2) Since 1993 agricultural adjustment act of US was issued, the government has issued several agricultural acts and amendments one after another adopting varies agricultural plans to give farmers the agriculture price and income support. It has formed a very consummate agricultural subsidies system including the price support, income support, the federal reserves of food and export promotion for agricultural product.(3) The US federal government subsidies, directly or indirectly, link together market price, the amount of which appears countermovement according to the market price. So far, the adjustment for agricultural subsidy policy experiences three stages as below: the price subsidies stage (1933-1995), income subsidies stages (1996-2001), income and price subsidies stages (2002-now). In recent years, the adjustment for US agricultural subsidy policy appears the characteristic of relying mainly on income subsidies while making price subsidies subsidiary, the general price to earnings subsidies, supplemented by subsidies. In 2002, American farm bill will be allowed by the WTO agricultural subsidies, 2008 after the limitation as new farm bill on agricultural subsidies amount already exceeded the WTO allowed by the bottom line.(4) From the effect of US agricultural subsidies and their adjustments, it has existed either the positive effect on domestic or predicament. On one hand, the US agricultural subsidies promote the market price advantage for US agricultural products, expand the international market strongly, promote the steady development of the agricultural production, optimize US agricultural structure and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production, on the other hand, they also aggravate the government financial burden, cause undesirable circulation of agricultural subsidies, incur international trade friction, are against WTO agricultural negotiations smoothly, at the same time also cause the unfair and imbalance distribution pattern of subsidies income.(5) US agricultural subsidy level will be further strengthened, with the two main methods of income support and price support, gradually to increase the lever of support for the comprehensive development of agriculture and farmers' income and the tools of agricultural subsidy have changed into green box Policies. From a long-term perspective, the key supports of US future agriculture subsidy policy include the development of agricultural science and technology transfer, resource conservation and structure adjustment, the produce quality safety and quality inspection, ecological agriculture and environmental protection, modern agriculture science and technology education and agricultural insurance, market development and rural information service.(6) From the contrast of agricultural subsidies between Sino-U.S., we can see that the two countries are both constantly to adjust agricultural subsidy policy, the trend of transition for agricultural subsidies appears from yellow box to green box policy; But the two sides have many differences such as the background and starting point of agricultural subsidies, the system and policy tool of agricultural subsidies, the agricultural subsidy level, the rule-of-law level of agricultural subsidy policy, and thus result in different agricultural subsidy performance. The agricultural subsidies make US maintain the sustainable development of agriculture, dominant world food prices and trade and also bring the agricultural producers great interests. While the late start and the low level of agricultural subsidies of our country, by now it exists the little effect for planting area of decision-making and The income of farmers agricultural subsidies less proportion of the total income, etc.(7) The inspiration to our country on the adjustment for agricultural subsidy policy of the United States includes the followings: long-term massively the agricultural subsidy is the basic guarantee of agricultural development; The perfect system of agricultural subsidy policy is the premise of farmers' income; Agricultural subsidies and environmental protection must be closely linked; The sustainable development of agriculture need legislation to maintain; Agricultural subsidies shall conform to the spirit of WTO agreement on agriculture. We should strengthen the macroscopical adjusting control for agricultural and promote the process of managing agriculture affairs according to law; In the framework of WTO, the diversification of agricultural subsidy policy should be adopted; We should establish comprehensive management system for agricultural subsidies to improve farmers' organizational level and increase the support level of agricultural financial.