| The cultivated land is the fundamental reliance of human survival and development, and no substitute could be found as the production material, to obtain grain and other farm produce. The improvement of people's material life and even the whole national economic development depend, directly or indirectly, on the quantity and quality of the cultivated land, let alone agriculture development. Thus a research on the protection of cultivated land is of great significance and importance.Talking the ecological districts difference of Gansu Province, use the pressure index model to calculate the cultivated land pressure of all districts from 1978 to 2006, and use the theory of Kuznets to build the regressive model of all districts between the pressure index and the GDP per capita and industrial structure, compare the cultivated land pressure gap between the different ecological districts. In accordance with different reasons of pressure of each ecological district, some methods of cultivated land protection were put forward.The results showed as following:⑴The general condition of the cultivated land pressure in Gansu province from 1978 to 2006:①Since the reformation opening, the area of the cultivated land declined from 356.2×104hm2 in 1978 to 344.1353×104hm2 in 2006 of Gansu province. Some year, the area of the cultivated land had increased, but it is falling in generation. The area of the cultivated land is decreased 12.0647×104hm2 in total, and it is decreased 0.4309×104hm2 yearly in average, from 1978 to 2006.②The number of population in Gansu province become rising. It was 1870.05 ten thousand person in 1978, and at the end of 2006, it is 2606.25 ten thousand person. The number of population is pure increased 736.2 ten thousand person, and it is pure increased 25.3862 ten thousand person yearly in average.③The movement of the grain's total output is upwards like a wave. In 1978, the total output of grain was 510.55×104t, and in 2006, it is increased to 808.05×104t, the output is increased 10.2586×104t yearly in average. ④Analyzing the dynamic condition based on the cultivated land, population and grain, according with the standard that per capita needs grain 400 kg to calculate, obtaining the change of the least per capita area of the cultivated land (Smin) and the cultivated land pressure index (K). In general, the movement of the least per capita area of the cultivated land is reducing slowly in Gansu province from 1978 to 2006 (the number of Smin becomes small). The movement of K likes a wave in general, some years, it changes bigger, another it changes smaller. In the 29 years, the biggest number of the cultivated land pressure is 1.0034, in 1994, and the smallest number is 0.9731, in 1996, the smaller is 0.986, in 1992. From 1998 to 2006, the cultivated land pressure index is bigger than 1.⑵The GDP per capita upwards fast from 348 Yuan of 1978 to 8757 Yuan of 2006 in Gansu province, the accretion is 290 Yuan yearly in average. With the accretion of the GDP per capita, the cultivated land pressure is aggravating.⑶According to the statistic datum of Gansu province in 2007, to calculate the cultivated land pressure of the five ecological districts, the results shows that the cultivated land pressure index of the five ecological districts is bigger than 1, every cities of Gansu province fall in the pressure. In all cities, falling in the biggest pressure is the Middle district, the smallest pressure is Gannan district. All ecological districts but Hexi district, the regressive model of the cultivated land pressure index and the GDP per capita and industrial structure has a better effect, the relational degree is upper, although the curve of Reverse"U"is not evident. The regressive model is considered as the Kuznets curve in front of the time. Hexi district except Jiayuguan and Jinchang with the aggrandizement of the cultivated land pressure, the development of economy and the industrial structure become increasing, other cities with the aggrandizement of the cultivated land pressure, the change of the development of economy and the industrial structure is little. These express that in Hexi district, the effected factors are the development of economy besides the ecological environment.⑷In accordance with different reasons of pressure of each ecological district, some methods of cultivated land protection are put forward: ①Hexi district is needed to enhance the construction of the ecological environment②The Middle district is needed to found and perfect the high payment rules of occupying the cultivated land.③Longdong district and Longnan district are needed to develop economy meanwhile strengthen the land remediation, improve the quality of the cultivated land, improve the environment, and increase the effective area of the cultivated land. In addition, we should increase the technical investment of ecological restoration, try our best to build virtuous circle system.④Gannan district is needed to increase input of technology and materials, improve the level of the cultivated land productivity. In part of district, the altitude of the cultivated land is higher, growing of crops is restricted by temperature, so we should return farmland by altitude. |
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