Export Trade, R & D And TFP Of Hi-Tech Industry In China

Hi-tech industry plays an important role in pushing forward industrial structure upgrading, promoting economic transition and accelerating the economic growth. It is the Forerunner Industry of manufacturing, promoting the fast development of manufacturing. The Hi-tech industry in China presents a good momentum of progress, output value of which has taken up nearly 20% of that of manufacturing, and 30% in export trade.TFP is regarded as an important index for the level of development of economy and industries, and its improvement means significant for the development of hi-tech industry. In order to investigate situation of TFP of hi-tech industry in China and analyze the effect of export trade and R&D on TFP of hi-tech industry, this paper firstly reviewed the researches of domestic and overseas scholars on efficiency theory and hi-tech industry, then make some theoretical and empirical analysis respectively. In the perspective of theoretical analysis, this paper focuses on the three channels of export trade and R&D affecting the TFP of hi-tech industry, including technical progress, manpower capital accumulation and system reformation. These are the perspective of empirical analysis.On the basis of theoretical analysis, we firstly measured the TFP of hi-tech industry in China at the regional level and industrial level respectively based on nonparametric Malmquist index. The result of region level shows that expect Yunan province, the TFP of 28 provinces measured present an increasing trend, and the coastal region increase obviously. The growth of TFP mainly comes from technical progress.The result of industrial level shows that only TFP of Manufacture of Aircraft and spacecraft and Manufacture of Communication Equipment, Computers and Other Electronic Equipment have an obvious increasing trend among the five hi-tech industries, while the TFP of other three industries fluctuate a lot. With the panel date model, we found that between 1999 and 2007, there were a positive relationship between TFP and export trade, R&D staff, R&D expenditure in 25 provinces, and the positive effect is also more obvious in coastal provinces that other provinces. The empirical result of industrial level shows that the export trade has positive effects on all hi-tech industries except Manufacture of Medicines, the R&D staff and expenditure both have obvious positive effects on all the five industries.On the above basis, this paper put forward some suggestions to enhance the TFP of hi-tech industry and promote the development of hi-tech industry, which includes the following five points:improving capacity for independent innovation; strengthening the operation and management of firms; creating relatively relaxed trade environment; perfecting the mechanism for formation and development of hi-tech industry; making plan and take actions that suit local circumstances.