Analysis Of The Impact And Countermeasures Of The Food Safety Barriers On The International Competitiveness Of China Food Export

In recent years, the food trade develops rapidly, the volume of trade rose fast, food export has become the important originates of the foreign exchange, it is the important component of one country's export trade competitive power. While food trade developing fast, the food security problem gets to be more and more important, it influences food free trade.Food security not only infects the health of the importing countries'consumers and the sustainable development of the ecological environment, but also impacts the development of the food industry, even in relation to the political and economic problems in many other areas, so it is taken seriously by the importing countries and international organizations. Many countries lay down the laws, regulations and strict measures to regulate the safety of imported food, but some of the unreasonable and discriminatory measures that restrict or prohibit the import become a solid security barriers, it influences China's food exports competitiveness. As the great nation of the food trade, we need to solve the problem that how to deal with food security barrier effectively, enhance the international competitiveness of food export.Food security is a compound concept, generally speaking, it includes an adequate supply and food production cycle conforming to the related standard, it is not harmful to the health of human, animal and plant and the development of ecological environment. Food security barrier is a concept that in order to protect the life and health of its consumers or plants and animals, good ecological environmental, the importing country lay down a series of stringent regulations and standards which relation to environmental protection, animal and plant health inspection and quarantine packaging and labeling regulation, implement cumbersome certification to the importing food, in use of this restricts imports of food products. With a series of security legislation laws and regulations it mainly carry on the inspection of the exports food by the complex criteria,strict quality control system and cumbersome conformity assessment procedures. Food security barrier involves the entire process of food production cycle, it has great variety which refer to laws, regulations, system, standard, request, procedure and so on. Its purpose seemingly is protecting consumers'life and health, preventing the environmental pollution and maintaining the ecological balance, so to speak it is legitimacy; But the measures that various countries carry on often beyond the reasonable limits, materially it is protective and discriminatory, simultaneously it is concealed and complex.The international competitiveness of food exports is refers to that in the international trade a country can provide the food which contents higher technology, more superior quality and price, safeguard the consumers'health and protection environment ecology to the international market, it has the ability to obtain the profit unceasingly, it is influenced by various factor which contains the price and the non-price factors. With the development of food security problem, the influence of the factors of the safety and the environmental protection to the international competitiveness are more obvious.Our country encounters food security barrier in food export trade frequently, it mainly has the following characteristic: the exporting countries set up many safety test standards to our country's import food which refer to scope of the product is broad, and the define of the final product extended to the entire cycle of product life; the chain-like diffusion effect that it caused is remarkable; the operating frequency is high, the speed of implementation is fast, the time of rescission takes long and so on. Because Japan and the US are main exports countries of Chinese food, the quantity of the measures of security barrier from the two countries which Chinese export food suffered is large, there are many such cases that the export food is limited.There are various aspects' comprehensive reason why Chinese export food encounter safety barrier. The immediate cause is that security risk consist in various sectors of food production, the standard system of food is not sound and did not approved by international organizations, the detection and quarantine technology fall short of international standards and the importing country standard, food security assessment and the quality authentication system is incomplete, food safety supervision system and laws and regulations system are imperfect and so on. The basic reason should analyze from two aspects of international and domestic, the international reason is mainly that laws and regulations and standard system of food importing country are more complete and changeable, the protectionist measures are more covert; the domestic reason is that the ecological environment is polluted and destructed continuous, the household and the small business production model is lack of unity and coordination, the food-borne pollution is caused by the manufacture process which lacks of unscientific guidance and training the, the foreign trade system is imperfect and the enterprise lacks of innovation ability.Through to analyzing the world market share, the trade competition index and the dominant comparative advantage index, we could see our country's the international competitiveness of food exports is not strong, there is a gap between the developed countries and us, and shows continued downward trend. In the export trade the food security barrier is becoming the important factors which weakens our country's the international competitiveness of food exports, it could inspected by the impact of cost, the influence of demand as well as the cost-demand factors. From the angle of cost food security barrier increase cost of food raw materials, the market access and the export processing; From the angle of demand the encounter of safety barrier aim at our export food drives the decline in trust among overseas consumer, so it causes the demand of export reduction; From the angle of cost-demand because the cost increases and demand cuts down, the international competitiveness of food exports would be influenced further.In view of the above present situation, reason and influence, in order to break the food security barrier, we should take many measure positively. Firstly, we should establish harmonious and effective laws and regulations system in various industries and every region, the existing food safety standards should be sorted out, revised, coordinated and perfected from the aspects of Countries, industries, local and enterprise, quality standard with links to international levels and convenient supervision should be prepared; authoritative standardization institute should be set up to strengthen harmonization and standardize work process. Secondly, we should construct international food trade information network, collect and classify the information of food safety trade barriers from the importing countries, the experts and technicians analyze it and predict it, set up an early warning system of food safety risk control in order to determine the risk and response quickly by each department , early warning information could fed back to the food industry and foreign trade enterprises; The enterprises need to pay attention to the warning information that related to the international trade, take into account the guiding ideas come from government and industrial associations, enhance the ability to meet the new trade barriers. Thirdly, we must strengthen food safety market supervision and regulation, establish a consolidated supervision system, monitor key project and critical links; strengthen analysis of the risk factors in food security, establish and perfect the interrelated laws and regulations; establish an risk assessment office with explicit rights and responsibilities it should bring out the situation of the risk management, the related essential data, the laws and regulations accurately and on time, guarantee fair and openness. Fourthly, we could use the trade dispute settlement mechanisms effectively, use the rights which the international covenant carried on and preferential clause to developing countries effectively; attach great importance on international cooperation and exchange, participate in formulating the international standard initiatively, expand cooperation and exchange with other countries in the areas of risk control and early warning system.