The Empirical Study On Social Development In Rural Areas Based On The Gradient Theory

At present, rural society of China is undergoing a infiltration and deepen stages of market economy, rural society is not a simply traditional rural, but a uneven development society affected by various factors. The reality that urban-rural gap, wealth gap become wider and wider made the problems that increasing of peasants'income and promoting social progress of rural areas become the focus of work in rural areas ,as well as difficulty. Based on the reality of urban-rural gap, study the rural development use the gradient theory has become a meaningful activity. Gradient theory has gone through the traditional stage, anti-gradient theory stage and the generalized gradient stage, generalized gradient theory is development based on the integrated sociology, economics, political science and other theories related on social development and regional development. In particular, it contains some of the ideas originated in sociology, also has important reference and guide function to the sociology study."The central city of a region is a high-step development area, also a high accumulation area of economic, social and cultural, it has a decreasing radiation effect to the suburbs and rural areas based on the distance, and transportation and information are important resistances within the radiation circle."Based on the gradient theory, combined with empirical sociological research methods and through the investigate of three counties in Shaan'xi, the conclusion is: when the radiation resistance that central city to its surrounding suburban or rural areas is decrease, the ideal radiation pattern has been broken, although the central city's radiation and leading role can not be denied, but the rural far from the central city can use its advantages to achieve a leap-forward development.The main factors affecting social development of rural areas are the central city's radiation and its natural resources degree. In view of the reality of different development levels of three counties , in order to achieve the goal of county's economic development, we should according to local conditions, stages, sub-county level and in accordance with the reality of the entire region to achieve the whole and coordinated development. For rural areas away from central city should take full advantages of close geographical superiority and continue to steadily promote economic growth, acceptance and introduction advanced social services and cultural of central city, achieve the goal that economic, social and cultural progress together; For the relative distance distant rural areas, should correctly understand the resistance of development, using its own resources and fully exploit the economic growth points, breaking the "radiation trap" in order to achieve balanced development rapidly; For rural areas that far from the central city, it has advantages such as strong talent, mineral and other resources, it should overcome the radiation resistance, fully utilize its advantages to achieve a leap-forward development.Gradient theory is not only a description of equilibrium social development, but also a guiding theory can be applied to science study. Therefore, people from all walks of life should starting form values such as social equity, justice and equality, through active activities to overcome differences to narrow the gradient, and to realize the ultimate goal of harmony and balance development of society.