The Study Of Country Group Conflicts On Land Expropriation By Local Government In Guangxi

Changing the nature of land usage is an important part in Chinese modernization process. Along with urbanization, land is more frequently expropriated in Guangxi in these years. The expropriation leads to a number of farmers have to leave their land and sink into a living predicament. Land-deprived farmers were so dissatisfied on land expropriation that they took into group conflicts. From January to March in 2009, the total number of group incidents on land expropriation by local government in Guangxi has reached to 20, and 351 people involved. It indicates that the group conflicts on land expropriation between land-deprived farmers and local governments have become important elements of social conflicts in Guangxi.The country land expropriate conflicts have raised people's concerns. Local governments are make efforts to improve land-deprived farmers living and relieve their dissatisfaction. Academic circles have got a number of achievements and they generally thought the causes of country land expropriate conflicts are the uncertain law and the imperfect institution, especially the unsuitable compensation. They also give their solutions, such as increase the amount of compensation, perfect the allocation, and put country social security into effect. Based on these achievements, this paper put forward an argument that the group conflicts on land expropriation by local governments in Guangxi is a result of mutual effects between land-deprived farmers and the local government. However, existing studies focus their attention on governments but little on land-deprived farmers themselves. In addition, as the phenomenon in Guangxi is localization and limitation, studies need more. Under this circumstances, literature, field survey and contrast approaches are applied in this study,aim to make my arguments have a sound theoretical base and to find the question wholly, to comprehensive it and to explore the truth.In this paper, firstly, define local government and group to explicit the main body and the characteristic of country conflicts scale on land expropriation in Guangxi; define land expropriation and public interests, try to find out the institutional cause on group conflict. These give my study a steady stand and a clear thinking. Secondly, based on literature reading and field survey, especially several times communicate with officials and land-deprived farmers, it shows that a country group conflict on land expropriation by local government in Guangxi is one of the contradictions among the people on interests, a group deviance and a harmful social conflict. Stand on these judgments, this paper gives seven reasons of group conflicts on Guangxi's land expropriation, these include: 1) a distance between social expectation and local government's condition, it reflected on the different pursuit of interests among different grade of government, government's legitimacy crisis of interests, offside function and role reversal, absent arbitrator, differentiation between officials self-cognition and social expectation, and the complex status. 2) division of interests by mighty interests subjects, it contains three factors, the unbalance between supplier and beneficiary, a wide compensation range, a vulnerable position of farmers; 3) the government's uncompromising stand on absolute stability; 4) immaturity method of land expropriation, it mainly from these causes: the unclear core conceptions but local government are unconcerned to definite them, fault preparation, multiple departments involved and the disordered relationship between power and responsibility, faulty allocation, absent responsibility, etc; 5) farmers'repellence, as the low compensation is deviate from the market price, double substance and spirits shortage from the depreciatory compensation, rely on land protection, traditional mode of thinking and a pursuit of justice; 6) an restricted expression, as farmers refuse to start legal proceedings, a restricted expression mechanism and it restricts farmers'rights claiming, at the same time, some land-deprived farmers pay excessive attention on their personal benefits; 7) a shortage resource, it lead to not only imperfect measures of compensation and allocation, but also a lack stamina of the development. Above all, these reasons lead to the country group conflicts on land expropriation are of frequent occurrence in Guangxi.Based on a thorough expatiation about the causes of Guangxi's country group conflicts on land expropriation, some suggestions follow, 1) establish a government with clear responsibility, it requires local governments to change the concept of development, to prefect the strategic mode, clarify the government's role exactly, and enhance officials'responsibility; 2) formulate a special law and a dynamic compensation on land expropriation; 3) improve the expression mechanism on interests and constitute a convenient system for legal assistance to farmers, promote village autonomy, in addition, farmers'own benefits representative organization should be established on the help of governments, and the media should exert its influence further; 4) standardization of land expropriation process, local government must make a perfect preparation and organize a professional team, meanwhile, accord the procedural justice, intensify the merit system, trace land-deprived farmers'living conditions, and formulate an emergency mechanism; 5) help farmers to change their notion of interests and employment; 6) develop land-deprived farmers'professional skills, through the way of job transfer and reemployment to make them change their mode of production and life style, then gain a long-term sources of income.After a thorough expatiation about causes and solutions, this paper finally shows that the key way to reduce Guangxi's country group conflicts on land expropriation and other social conflicts is based on trust between local government and the public. At the same time, both of them make concerted efforts to build a steady and harmonious society, and to maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of Guangxi's economy.