Study On Cooperation And Competition Among Ports Of Guangzhou Hongkong And Shengzhen

The acceleration of global economic integration process requires the rapid flow of production, raw materials, Semi-manufactured goods, finished products and others. And the global rapid flow increases the comparative advantages of each region; makes the resources be used efficiency and product cost reduced. Port is the meeting point of various modes of transport. With economic development, port's function extends from transportation to industrial, commercial, and service fields. With a lot of cargo flow, capital flow, and information flow collection, the port has increasingly become a gathering place of social and economic activities. Known for export-oriented economy, a high degree of ports concentration in the Pearl River Delta, the significance of research port competition and cooperation is more obvious.Based on brief introduction of Guangzhou,Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports, the main factors affected port operations has been examined. AHP(analytic hierarchy process) method is used to construct multi-level evaluation model of port operation conditions and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each port. Based on discussion on the characteristics of ports competition and the reasons of ports collaboration, the possibilities of collaboration of Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shenzhen port have been examined. The regional government's coordination and co-construction on infrastructure, and a reasonable division tied on the capital at the enterprise level of cooperation and competition policy have proposed.We believe that, the biggest disadvantage of Hong Kong Port is land available limited for port development, and the biggest advantage is its good port management capabilities and business environment. The most facility of Shenzhen Port is the vast land and coastal shoreline which can be used, highlight the benefits of container transport, and the disadvantage is inadequate collection and distribution system. The disadvantage of Guangzhou Port is the container transport at initial stage, the biggest advantage is its huge cargo throughput and convenience of collection and distribution system, the available land and the port development potential. On the one hand as Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shenzhen port in the small geographical space make the hinterland overlap, and container as the main cargo throughput, the same market, lines tend to the same, industrial upgrading and freight slowdown in their hinterland, overall enthusiastic of investment at the Pearl River Delta ports made port capacity increase. These may result in competition in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shenzhen port. On the other hand, the complex capital tie between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Guangzhou port, and the port has its own complementary conditions; it makes cooperation possible between the ports. In short term, Guangzhou port meet the needs of container transport of west Pearl River Delta, and shunt part of the original imports and exports containers shipments through Hong Kong and Shenzhen port, Which in the long run, Guangzhou port container throughput will rapidly reach saturation, the containers of west Pearl River Delta will continue to flow to the Shenzhen port. In the end, based on compartmentation, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shenzhen port will be cooperation and competition , and Pearl River Delta cargo flow overall structure will tend to be optimized . From building the collection and distribution network system and information platform, promoting the port customs clearance environment, improving port infrastructure development are possible for the Government to promote cooperation strategy for the port. Investment and stock exchange, formed joint venture companies to run small terminal at the Pearl River ,shipping enterprises, logistics park, etc. and based on port conditions'reasonable compartmentation competitive strategy are possible for the enterprise-level .