| Since China's Reform and Opening Policy in 1978, Guangdong has made great achievements and affected the national economy. Manufacturing industrial development is contributed to the development of economy. The Manufacturing industry has become a pillar of economic development. The competitiveness of Guangdong exists in the manufacturing industry. In the short period of time, it is impossible to change the pattern of manufacturing-based economy. It is that the situations of the economic development and the market environment at home or abroad have great changes. Guangdong as the"World Factory", does the manufacturing industry still have competitiveness? How to use its industrial bases and advantages to improve competitiveness? These problems need resolve urgently.Based on previous researches, the author find out the features of manufacturing industrial development in Guangdong, set up the evaluation index system of regional manufacturing industrial competitiveness, use location quotient and the comprehensive evaluation of manufacturing industrial competitiveness to appraise the comparative advantages of the manufacturing industry in recent 20 years. From the perspective of regional differences to reveal the spatio-temporal difference of manufacturing industrial competitiveness, analyze the driving factors and mechanisms. All that can provide some suggestions to improve manufacturing industrial development and competitiveness.Firstly, according to the history of the manufacturing industrial development, it is divided into three phases, the initial phase(1979-1990),the rapid growth phase(1991-2000),the transformation and upgrading phase(after 2000). At the same time, summarize the characteristics of the manufacturing industrial development.Secondly, based on the comparative advantage theory, utilize the location quotient to reveal Guangdong's comparative advantages how to change in the past 20 years. For the "Made in Guangdong ", 1990s was an important turning point. Guangdong's advantages of the markets and scales are beginning in 1990s and continue till today. But in recent 20 years, Guangdong'economic effiency still has no comparative advantages. In addition, from the perspective of the industry scale, markets and effiency to evaluate the location quotient of manufacturing sub-industry, the results show that the production value of manufacturing industrial concentration and the market share location quotient are strongly relative. At present, Guangdong has the comparative advantages of outputs concentration and markets both in traditional industries and new industries. But the comparative advantages of effiency are more concentrated in traditional industries.Thirdly, drawing on the previous models , based on the theory of competitive advantages, and under the guidance of comprehensive evaluation method, utilize the data(1988,1997,2008) to measure comprehensive competitiveness of the whole industry and the sub-industry competitiveness. The results show that the comprehensive index of manufacturing industrial competitiveness is decreasing from the Pearl River Delta to northern , eastern, western, and the gap is widening in recent 20 years. The comprehensive index of manufacturing industrial competitiveness in Pearl River Delta was as 1.16 times as Eastern, 1.58 times as Western and 1.43 times as Northern in 1988, while it increased by 2.29 times, 1.85 times and 2.25 times in 2008.Fourthly, considering the phase of regonal economic development, analyze the main driving factors and mechanisms of manufacturing industrial competitiveness in Guangdong. Manufacturing industrial competitiveness is affected by endogenous factors and exogenous factors, and also affected by natures, economy, policy and so on. The affecting factors are also changing in different phases. Policy and foreign investment,technology and innovation are the primary factors in the initial phase and transformation and upgrading phase. With the evolution of industry structures, even if the factors are the same, their importance will be changed. Therefore, the factors'statues also be changed.Fifthly, using the data of three different stages in recent 20 years, examine the level of economy development (GDP). The manufacturing industrial competitiveness is affected by foreign direct investment (FDI) and policy factors. GDP and FDI and manufacturing industrial competitiveness are significantly positive correlation. Policy is the primary driving factors that affect the competitiveness of manufacturing industry. The Reform and Opening up Policy promote the gathering of the manufacturing industry in Guangdong, especially the Pearl River Delta. Economic opening-up, location conditions, historical and cultural factors,all are interacted and overlaid. At the phases of China's transition, the local government has a tremendous impetus for the regional manufacturing industrial competitiveness. |
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