| Chemiluminescence (CL) analysis has attracted people's attentions in recent years for the analysis of a great number of important inorganic and organic species in different fields such as biotechnology, pharmacology, molecular biology, clinical medicine and environmental detection mainly owing to its attracting features including low detection limit and wide linear dynamic range, both of which usually can be achieved with simple and relatively inexpensive instrumentation.This thesis is consists of two parts, review and research reports. In the first part, the applications of some inorganic oxidants such as potassium permanganate, cerium (IV), hydrogen peroxide, potassium periodate, hypochlorite in CL analysis are reviewed. The focus of the part is to summarize the CL mechanism and the analysis applications. In the second part, we found that main group II elements (alkaline-earth metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+) catalyzed the follow-up reaction after the CL reaction of potassium permanganate with luminol and the reaction of potassium permanganate with fluorescein. The mechanism of these interesting CL reactions was discussed. Moreover, the experimental conditions of the CL reactions were optimized and the feasibility of application of the present reactions to the determination of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ was evaluated. Furthermore, we found the CL reaction of propranolol hydrochloride with potassium permanganate in acid solution and established the flow injection CL analysis methods of propranolol hydrochloride.It was universally though that under general circumstances, main group II elements (alkaline-earth metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+) not only have no oxidation-reduction characters, but also no catalytic ability. So, it was generally considered that these metal ions have no CL behavior based on oxidation-reduction or catalysis. However, we surprisingly found that when injecting alkaline-earth metal ion Mg2+ or Ca2+ or Sr2+ or Ba2+ into the reaction mixture after the finish of the reaction between luminol and potassium permanganate or the reaction mixture after the finish of the reaction between fluorescein and potassium permanganate, new CL reactions were initiated and strong CL signal were detected. By the study of the UV-visible spectra, the CL spectra, the CL kinetic characteristics and a series of other experiments, the possiblemechanism of this interesting CL reaction was suggested. During the reactions, potassium permanganate was firstly reduced to potassium manganate by luminol or fluorescein; the produce potassium manganate reacted with luminol or fluorescein very slowly; the addition of these alkaline-earth metal ions catalyzed the reaction of potassium manganate with luminol and the reaction of potassium manganate with fluorescein and resulted in strong CL signal producing; potassium permanganate was finally reduced to manganese dioxide. Moreover, the experimental conditions of the CL reactions were optimized and the feasibility of application of the present reactions to the determination of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2× and Ba2+ was evaluated. Using luminol-permanganate CL system, the procedure allows the determination of 4×10-7-6×10-6 g/mL Mg2+, 2×10-6-6×10-4 g/mL Ca2+, 1×10-6-1×10-4 g/mL Sr2+ and 4×10-6-1×10-4 g/mL Ba2+ with the detection limits of 8×10-8 g/mL Mg2+, 1×10-6 g/mL Ca2+, 5×10-7 g/mL Sr2+ and 2×1 0-6 g/mL Ba2+. And for fluorescein-permanganate CL system, the linear ranges are 1×10-5-6×10-4 g/mL Mg2+, 1×10-5-8×10-4 g/mL Ca2+ and 1 × 1 0-5-6× 10-4 g/mL Ba2+ and the detection limits are 5×10-6 g/mL for all cations.It was found that a weak chemiluminescence was produced from the reaction of propranolol hydrochloride with potassium permanganate in acid solution. The CL intensity was increased in the presence of ferrous. Based on these founds, a new CL system, potassium permanganate-poly phosphoric acid-propranolol hydrochloride-ferrous system, was proposed for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride. The concentration of propranolol hydrochlorid... |
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