| Climate change is a heatedly discussed issue on a global scale currently, international mechanisms and actions in response to climate change are bound to product long-term and profound impacts on world economy and international politics in the future. In 2012 the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol will expire, and all of the world focus on the construction of international climate system post-Kyoto. Many international institutional framework have been put forward, according the key issues of the international climate system, i. e. , shared vision for long-term global cooperative action, mitigation, adaptation, technology and fund."Carbon Budget Proposal"put forward by Pan Jiahua and Chen Ying from Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, is a equity and workable package of schemes, and received a worldwide consensus in the international community. On the basis of preliminary work, this paper mainly studied relevant international mechanisms, and with the guidance of"Carbon Budget", try to construct the long-term constraint mechanism of domestic carbon intensity. This paper is divided into five parts, arranged as follows:First, this paper analyses the background of"Carbon Budget", that is the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol will expire, a new construction of international climate system is imminent, and many solutions have been put forward, but failed to balance the demands of impartiality and sustainability. Then, this paper compare the philosophy and fairness of some solution, and make the literature review for the production, development and basic concept of"Carbon Budget"and China's measures taken to address climate change.Second, on the basis of the theory of carbon budget plan, in condition of global climate security, this paper make quantitative analysis of global and every countries'carbon budget, and compare historical actual emission to the historical carbon budget, results show that some developing countries have imbalanced in history, and analyzed the reasons of overdraft.Third, this paper make research on international mechanism of Carbon Budget, and make it workable in worldwide, mechanism include that balancing mechanism of Carbon Budget, financial mechanism of Carbon Budget, cap-and-trade system, MRV(measurable, reportable, verifiable) and compliance mechanism. Balancing mechanism can make the developing country to pay of debts in history and ensure the future basic needs of these countries; financial mechanism of Carbon Budget mechanism make the seller of gain economic compensation with the transfer payment of carbon budget; cap-and-trade system allow the overdraft-countries to buy the budget in carbon market; MRV and compliance mechanism give binding and punishment to the defauting parties to ensure global climate security.Forth, take China for example, this paper discussed the domestic application prospect of Carbon Budget. With the guidance of"Carbon Budget", this part first discuss the necessity and urgency of introducing the emissions permits trading in China, then analyzed the main difficulties, and combined with the target that in 2020 carbon emission per unit of GDP will dropped 40%~45% compared with 2005, try to construct the long-term constraint mechanism of domestic carbon intensity, take the emissions trading system as the main, and carbon tax supplement.Fifth, this part is conclusion. It is concluded that Carbon Budget Proposal is a scientifically based and equity, sustainable, workable international climate system. In the rapid development stage, carbon budget is tight constraint for China, so must take effective measures to realize the target of saving energy, reducing emission and low-carbon development. China has the practice basis of the construction of emissions trading system, and can attempt to build long-term constraint mechanism. |
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