| In an era in which information and media develop highly, the discrepancy between architectures in different regions is diminishing because affects of the global economy, information and the advance of science and technology, while the appropinquity of architectural cultures is growing in the world. Consequently, the features of citys and architectures is disappearing. In order to solve this crisis, we should carray out to research regional architectures originating from different cultural backgrouds, develop regional architectural cultures, and make them local and translate them into a part of global cultures, which is an effective measure for us to design citys and architectures.Nanyue (Heng Mountain) in Hunan is a well-known cultural and scenic spot. It is the place where many ancient scholars ever lived and studied , degraded ofFicals exiled , where cultural relics gathered together and there were a great number of ancient school houses . The ancient school houses in Heng Mountain, which include Yuelu house, Shigu house, Wending house, Yehou house, Ganquan house (Baisha house) and Jixian house, are very characteristic hi Hunan and even in China . Yuelu ancient school house is the best representative one of the all houses in Heng Mountain, which is the unit of nation important cultural relic protected .The three purposes for the ancient school houses are to give lectures, collect books and hold memorial ceremonies for ancestor worthy persons. According to this, the Nanyue houses have four basic zonings by function, which involve the zoning of teaching, collecting books, sacrificing and living. The attention has been payed to exterior environment of the Nanyue houses so as to select scenic spots. It is the first condition for the house to select a scenic site, it is also a foundamental request for outside environment for a house to back on a mountain, face waters and expose to the sun. The exterior space of the Nanyue houses have three main forms: 1 Three sides of a house is surrounded by mountains, and the facade faces waters. 2 The house backs on a mountain, the other sides of it enclosed by waters. (3) A mountain locate the back of a house, the exterior ofthe other three sides of a house is the open fields, and the one side faces waters.The spatal forms in the Nanyue houses have hiberarchy: the complex layer and the size layer. The complex layer is composed of nature, economy, society, politics, culture etc, and it is the spatal system of poly-scheme, which has multiple implications. Considered from the substantiality inscapes of spatial form, size layer is that space consists of hiberarchy systems in a certain area. The features of spatial form in the Nanyue houses include "the beauty of the symmetrical axes", "the property of hiberarchy", "the character of configuration ", "the self-comparability", "the dynamic property " and "the property of synthesis".The spatial configuration of Yuelu house is as follows:A Single building} encircles a inferior public space, such as courtyard etc.|a unit of buildings and courtyarda superior public space'/or instance,thecentre of a cluster of buildings a cluster of buildings circumfuses a more superoir public space, for example, scenical aaxes, spatial sequence, primary or secondary axeswhich emphasizes the Chinese ritual culture, etc.a district of buildings encloses asupreme pubic spacea spatial form of the ancient school house.Yuelu house has an extraordinary axes of spatial sequence. As being an important part of the former space, a leading space acts a guide, a contrast and a foil to main space. According to general principle of spatial layout which keep to the syncretism of the Chinese ritual sequence and harmonization, the equal importance of affection and reason and a whole of nature and human, the spatial configuration of the Yuelu house varies richly, and the main measures of the space are as follows: emphasis of priincipal and subordinaate relationship in the space, spatial contrast, transition and layer, intersecting and infiltr... |
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