Shandong Province, The Three Basin Water Shortage

Water resource is the basis for the survival of human beings and all living things and one of the important components for supporting and maintaining the core system. In addition, water resource is an important natural resource and material basis for a nation or a region's economy and social development. However, severe shortage and pollution of water resource have become serious and common problems faced by China, as well as all over the world. They are also primary problems of global resources and environment in the 21st century, which directly threaten the survival and development of human beings and affect economic construction and social development negatively in our country.Shandong, a province with great population and powerful economy, demands more and more water with the rapid development of its economy. Shandong Province's warm temperate monsoon climate, precipitation concentrated rain with the hot season and the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources result in the increased scarcity situation of water resources. At present, the per capita water resource throughout the province is 344 m3. It accounts for only14.7% of the national per capita consumption and 4.0% of the world's per capita consumption, which is far less than the internationally recognized amount-a necessary threshold of 1000 m3 to maintain economic and social development. Shandong province is one of the provinces that meet with serious water shortage.In this thesis, the author analyses the supply and demand balance on the three areas of the three basins'water resources with the reference of the current domestic and international research on water scarcity and practical results. Also the author proposes shortage level evaluation system to evaluate the shortage level of the three basins and conducts a comparative analysis on the reasons of water shortage and comes up with mitigation measures by combining with the amount of the water resource, socio-economic development, water demand, water supply and water shortage situation. The main contents of this paper are as follows.The first part is the introduction. In this part, the author mainly presents the topics'significance about the shortage of water resources and the present situation significance home and abroad and the contents of this thesis. Meanwhile, the author presents the research technical line of this thesis.In the second part, the author introduces the basic situation of Shandong Province from physical geography and socio-economic profiles. On this basis, the author makes a detailed description about the distribution of the rivers and summarizes the characteristics of water resources in Shandong Province.In the third part, the author analyses the situation of the three major river basins'water resources in Shandong Province in a more detailed way and designates the water resources area of the water shortage level by analyzing precipitation, surface water resources, groundwater resources, the total water resources and water quality. The author analyzes the water resources development and utilization level of the three basins.The fourth part, from the perspective of supply and demand balance of water resources the author conducts a supply-demand balance analysis on the province's water resources and river basin districts according to Shandong Province'water supplying amount and different results in water demand. The results indicate that the shortage situation of the three basins is quite serious.For the fifth part, combining the situation of the three major basins with the shortage extent of the water resource amount the author selects the amount of water resources, social economy, water demand, water supply and water scarcity to construct a water shortage evaluation index system. By using comprehensive multi-factor index method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and water rights allocation method the author evaluates the three districts and compares the evaluation results to propose initial measures to ease the shortage of water resource..The sixth part is the conclusion section of the thesis. The author summarizes the main contents of the thesis and points out the shortcomings of the thesis.