A Study Of "fandao(反�')" Category Adverb On Early Modern Chinese

The"fandao(反�')"category adverb is a grammar composition, it's used in the sentences which contain adversative semantic such as contradiction, opposition, violation, to prescribe the predicate, express the subjective judgment of speaker, belong to a small category of adversative adverb in Chinese. The"fandao(反�')"category adverb has many members, their semantic stem from two ways: one is from"genggai(更改)"category verb, for example"geng(更)"; the other is from"fanxiang(反向)"category verb, for example"hai(还)","fan(反)". This thesis only approach the members that stem from the"fanxiang(反向)"category verb, contain eight single syllable adverbs, they are"fan(反), zhuan(转), gu(顾), fu(覆), hai(还), dao(�'), fan(翻), que(却)". On the basis of inspecting above members, we analyses the emergence process and producing mechanism of having similar function's"fandao(反�')"Category Adverbs which originate from similar verbs, we also discuss the survival of the fittest on the historical process. Through the analytical procession, we can find the meaning of"fandao(反�')"category adverbs all stem from the meaning of their verbs, which all contain [+xiangfan(相反)] morpheme. The"fandao(反�')"category adverb generation Concerns syntax, semantics, pragmatic the role of three common results. The direct contact between the semantic of"contrary to normal direction/the opposite motion away from original place"and"contrary to the expectation of speaker's", change from objective to subjective because of the metaphor mechanism. On the syntax, occupy the subordinate position of"link verb"structure and get in the Single Sentence or Complex Sentence which contain adversative semantic, be re-analyzed to a grammar composition to prescribe the predicate. On the pragmatic, the"fandao(反�')"category adverb be given the adversative function in commentary sentence, and the most important feature different from other adverbs is that they have speaker's subjective feeling when they are used. On the development of semantic pattern, the"fandao(反�')"category adverb emerge"movement opposite---- semantic opposite"law, some members continue the process on the basis of above pattern, emerge"adversative---- Interrogative","adversative---- Scope","adversative----Modal", and so on laws.According to the source of"fandao(反�')"category adverbs, we divide them to two categories,"fanzhuan(反转)"and"fanhui(返回)", analyse their process of grammaticalization, their growth and decline in different historical periods, and the cause.The full text is divided into five parts:The first chapter is a introduction, recognize the right aspects and identify the shortcomings, define and classify the"fandao(反�')"category adverb, describe the research methods.The second chapter discusses the generation of the"fandao(反�')"category adverb, approach the mechanism.The third Chapter discusses the development of"fandao(反�')"category adverb's semantic pattern.The forth Chapter statistics the use frequency of"fandao(反�')"category adverbs in different historical periods, analyse their growth and decline. Finally it is a Conclusion.