| The beginning of the industrial revolution marks the establishment of modern enterprise, and also indicates that people's life turn rural life to the factory. In this process, the welfare system did not be established immediately. Therefore, many workers were forced to work and live in deplorable conditions, which resulted in the continuous labor conflicts and tense relationship between employees and employers. If the enterprises are willing to make development and the society want to keep stable, It's necessary for them to pay close attention to the labor issues. During the period of Republic of China, China's industrialization started. The number of workers increased, and the working class grew rapidly, which made the labor issues conspicuous. Thus, motivated by many factors, many enterprises began to balance the relationship between employees and employers by means of welfare to motivate the enterprises' development.In the period of Republic of China, National enterprises' welfare had two major parts, statutory and voluntary welfare. The government formulated relevant laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of employees, which was called lawful welfare. In 1923, the Beijing government promulgated the "Provisional factories General Clauses". Although taking little effect, it marked the birth of lawful welfare, and of which many results were inherited and developed by Nanjing government. In December 1929, the Nanjing government officially promulgated modern China's first "Factories Act" implemented the nation and decided to make it a nationwide implementation from August 1, 1931. "Factories Act" is the first labor welfare regulations of the Nanjing government. It Marked Labor welfare legislation had developed to a new period. Subsequently, the Nanjing government formulated and promulgated a number of supporting laws and regulations. The development of lawful welfare begun to take shape and it achieved certain results. After the outbreakofAnti-Japanese War, in order to meet the needs of the war, the government attaches qreat importance to the labor welfare legislation, established Social Welfare Department to manages the labor welfare benefits problem, and formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, which marked labor welfare legislation form a complete system, and promoted their implementation, and made a number of results that can not be ignored. The voluntary welfare is that enterprises establish their own welfare purposely in accordance with its own characteristics. Before the enactment of "Provisional factories General Clauses", voluntary welfare is very weak. Many capitalists did not realize the significant meaning and important value of the welfare of workers. However, with the fierce market competition, changes of management mode of enterprise and the growth of new entrepreneurs, the voluntary welfare of enterprises began to develop rapidly. Both the voluntary welfare and the lawful welfare formed a complete welfare system.Looking back to the enterprises' welfare in this period, it can be said they had distinct characteristics, and played significant role. Although the extreme imbalance in the development of enterprises' welfare, the enterprises paid universal attention to workers' education .training, and fostered the entrepreneurial spirit in the process of establishing enterprises' welfare, all of this made enterprises' welfare achieve maximum results. Facts have proved that this approach is effective; our modern national enterprises trained a large number of skilled workers for the development of enterprises through establishing business benefits, which lay a solid foundation for enterprise development, relaxed the labor relations, mobilized the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers, improved labor productivity, and enhanced the enterprise's core competitiveness. |
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