Shilihe Engineering Study On The Impact Of The Surrounding Environment And The Yungang Grottoes Protection Of Cultural Relics

Shilihe is located on the upriver of Yongdinghe in the drainage area of Haihe."Shilihe Project"was built in 2003, including two rubber dams with 200 meters distance. So these two rubber dams form two reservoirs in the Shilihe area. The total area of the reservoirs is about 1.7×105m~2 after sluice. When the reservoirs are full of water, the surface water level would hoist 2-2.5m.After the first sluice of the reservoirs, there was groundwater outlet in the underground building of the Shanxi Institute of Yungang Grottoes and the cellars of the Yungang villagers'. The sluice of the reservoirs may cause the upraise of the underground water in the grottoes'area and influence the protection of the grottoes'cultural relic, also it may influence the entironment and the microclimate of the earth's surface in the area, whereas the bedrock joint and the shatter crack are developed in the area. Because of the too-high underground water level, it may accelerate the weathering of the cultural relic with the high salinity moving up to the grottoes'cultural relic through capillarity. On the other hand, because of the too-low underground level, the entironment of the protection area would be influenced by the perished plant in the area. This thesis is based on the simulate study on the mentioned above probable influence to the cultural relic of the project.Based on the condition of the local hydrology, according to the true measured data of 9 drills and the historic observed data, using the most popular groundwater simulate software ModFlow to simulate the influence of"Shilihe Reservoir"to the underground water in the area of Yungang Grotto. The responsive relationship between the sluicing of the reserve and the groundwater fluctuation in the area of culture relic protection is forecasted, rational suggestion for the construction of the project is given. The influence of the project to the protection of the cultural relic is analyzed through studying the influence to the local microclimate and vegetation.It is indicated: In the largest rainfall year, the sluice of reservoirs is responsible to the outlet of underground water of the Shanxi Institute of Yungang Grottoes and the cellars of the Yungang villagers'. In the normal rainfall year, the sluice of the reservoirs will not cause the outlet of underground water of the Shanxi Institute of Yungang Grottoes and the cellars of the Yungang villagers'. But it should be supervised whereas the bedrock joint and the shatter crack are developed in the area. The suggested precept is manual taking-out or burying underground drainage pipelines to natural drain.At the same time, the analyzing experiment proves: The construction of the project can adjust the climate of the water area, mitigate the variety of the temperature,wind speed,humidity. It also can decrease the damage to the grottoes because of the acute variety of the environment. Thus the project is propitious to the protection of the cultural relic.