Study On The Holism Engineering Ethics

At present,China is in a critical period of transformation from a big engineering country to a powerful engineering country,which also puts forward new requirements for the study of Engineering ethics.Previous research on engineering ethics mainly focused on the ethical responsibility of individual engineers.It is believed that as long as the ethical sensitivity and ethical responsibility consciousness of engineers are improved,the ethical problems of engineering can be well solved,thus avoiding the occurrence of Engineering accidents.However,in reality,as a model of human collective practice,engineering activities are the process of common practice of the engineering community composed of investors,managers,engineers,workers and other stakeholders.The members of the engineering community interact,interact and restrict each other.In this case,it is difficult to realize the moral development of the whole project only through the ethical decision-making of the individual engineer,because the practice of the engineer is restricted and restricted by other members of the engineering community and the influence and limitation of the environment.Therefore,in order to solve the problem of Engineering ethics,we need to further expand the research horizon,from the"individualistic engineering ethics" which only pays attention to the individual ethical responsibility of engineers to the"holistic engineering ethics" which studies the overall ethical responsibility of the engineering community.Only by transforming the engineering community from a technical community and an economic community into a moral community,making investors,managers,engineers,workers and other stakeholders form a moral force,and realizing the overall ethics of the engineering community,can we better solve the practical engineering ethics problems and create a good project.The holistic engineering ethics research can make up for the deficiency of individualistic engineering ethics to a certain extent,and provide a new way for engineering ethics research.From the perspective of Engineering philosophy,engineering exists in a holistic and complex way.The practical process of engineering is the process of the engineering community integrating all kinds of natural and social elements in an organized and planned way,creatively transforming the material world and constructing artificial reality according to its specific purpose.Engineering is the creation activity and result of Engineering community.To study engineering ethics and solve engineering ethics problems can not be separated from engineering community.Holistic engineering ethics pays attention to the realization of the whole ethics of Engineering community.The discussion on holistic engineering ethics by scholars at home and abroad provides ideological premise and theoretical basis for further research on holistic engineering ethics.Holistic engineering ethics and individualistic engineering ethics are mutually complementary and mutually reinforcing.The turning of holistic engineering ethics result from the dilemma of individualistic engineering ethics.The study of individualistic engineering ethics only pays attention to the ethical responsibility of engineers in engineering practice,ignores the role of other members of engineering community in the process of realizing the ethical objectives of engineering,and restores the practice process of engineering community to the individual practice process of engineers.In reality,it constantly encounters the challenges of specific engineering situations,reflecting its own limitations and dilemmas.The dilemma of individualism engineering ethics is embodied in three aspects:responsibility dilemma,reductionism dilemma and externalism dilemma.In the aspect of responsibility dilemma,it is because individualism engineering ethics only pays attention to the ethical responsibility of engineers,but neglects the ethical responsibility of other members of Engineering community,which leads to the dilemma of responsibility definition,responsibility fulfillment and responsibility investigation;in the aspect of reductionism dilemma,it is because of reductionism thinking of individualism engineering ethics,which restores the practice of engineering community as a whole to the reductionism thinking.The practice of individual engineers reduces many practical links of engineering community to the design links of engineers,and reduces the overall responsibility of engineering community to the individual responsibility of engineers,which leads to the reductionist dilemma.In terms of the external subjective dilemma,it is due to the external subjective thinking of individualistic engineering ethics that the technical activities of engineers lie outside the engineering community.In technical activities,the process of engineer's practice lies outside the relationship network of Engineering community,and the ethical responsibility of engineer lies outside the overall ethical responsibility of Engineering community,which leads to the predicament of externalism.In order to solve the problem of engineering ethics more effectively and make up for the deficiency of individualistic engineering ethics,it is necessary to study holistic engineering ethics in depth.The essence of engineering is the foundation for the establishment of holistic engineering ethics.Engineering is the practice of engineering community to organize all kinds of effective resources,systematically and creatively transform the material world and construct artificial reality according to its definite purpose.Its essence is holistic.It has the integrity of the project,the integrity of the community and the integrity of the practice of the project.The holistic nature of engineering and the holistic nature of engineering community lay the foundation of holistic essence and collective subject for holistic engineering ethics.The holistic characteristics of engineering,such as integration,systematicness and compounding,provide a realistic basis for clarifying holistic engineering ethics from the perspective of object.The social construction,inter-subjectivity and field of engineering as a whole lay a solid foundation for explaining holistic engineering ethics.The holistic nature of engineering,the holistic characteristics of engineering and the practice of Engineering holism constitute the basis of holistic engineering ethics.The goal of holistic engineering ethics and the connotation of holistic engineering ethics are important dimensions of holistic engineering ethics.The goal of holistic engineering ethics is safety first,sustainable development and fairness and justice.Although individualistic engineering ethics has these goals,it is difficult to achieve these goals because of its own limitations.Holistic engineering ethics pays attention to the complexity and integrity of engineering by means of system engineering method,explores the realization of Engineering ethical goals from the perspective of engineering community as a whole,and interprets the joint responsibility of engineering ethics in the social context of engineering,so as to lay the goals of safety first,sustainable development and fairness on the realistic field of engineering,and also to make these goals come true.The realization of the target is possible.The connotation of holistic engineering ethics includes three aspects:grid distribution of engineering ethics responsibility,practice extension of engineering ethics responsibility and integration of engineering ethics oriented by responsible innovation.Holistic engineering ethics further expands the research field of Engineering ethics,not only focusing on the ethical responsibility of individual engineers,but also bringing all members of the engineering community into the ethical context and striving to promote the overall ethics of the engineering community,which is of great significance to achieve the goal of Engineering ethics.The dimension of holistic engineering ethics defines the moral goal of holistic engineering ethics.The holistic engineering ethics pursues the holistic ethics of the engineering community,requiring investors,managers,engineers,workers and other stakeholders to shoulder their corresponding ethical responsibilities in engineering practice,and to form a moral force.The precedence of communicative community,the possibility of integration of community horizons and the reality of collective intention become the prerequisites for the realization of holistic engineering ethics,which makes the realization of holistic engineering ethics possible.Engineer-led moral leadership,moral negotiation among members of Engineering community,enterprise-centered ethical culture and government's institutional ethical environment are the ways to realize holistic engineering ethics.It is pointed out that in order to realize holistic engineering ethics,engineers should exert moral leadership in the process of engineering practice and promote the overall ethics of Engineering community;there should be extensive moral discussions among members of engineering community to promote the ethical consensus and practice of members of Engineering community;enterprises should create an ethical atmosphere to make ethical discourse work.The important language form of communication among members of Cheng Community promotes the members' moral sensitivity and sense of responsibility to be strengthened.Government departments should strive to build an institutional ethical environment to provide institutional guarantee for the realization of the overall ethics of the engineering community.Moral leadership,moral negotiation,ethical culture and institutional ethics constitute the realization method of the four-in-one holistic engineering ethics.There are also some shortcomings in holistic engineering ethics,which may lead to the predicament of the definition of individual ethical responsibility,weaken the engineers'ethical responsibility consciousness,and increase the difficulty of engineering ethics education.It needs to be avoided and surpassed in practice.