Republic Of China Xu West Green Gang (1911-1945),

The Green Gang, which was originally developed from the Gang formed by the sailors who were delivering rice and wheat in the canal, is one of the important forces in the China secret society development history. The Green Gang kept evolving all the time in the Modern history of China. Since the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China, significant changes had been found in many aspects, for example, the constitution of its members and the distribution of its members'orgins. The influence of Green Gang had been deeply rooted in many spheres in the society. It had been proved to be the most influential Gang in Shanghai. While in the Western Xuzhou, which is the area lack of government authority, its development path is different from what they had realized in Shanghai. It has its own characterized and turned out to be the important influential forces.Feng County, Pei County, Dangshan, Tongshan, which is located at the Western Xuzhou area, is at the marginal border between Provinces. Since the dramatic social changes during the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China, wars broke out continuously and lead to frequent political power shifts. It results a weak government control in this area due to the lack of constant political presence to perform effective governance. The economy in the countryside, which had been affected by the natural disaster, such as flood, drought, plague of locusts, together with wars and gangsters, was becoming even worse. In the Western Xuzhou, residents here have long tradition in forming private groups and believe in personal loyalty. Hence, during the Republic of China period, Green Gang, as a secret social group, enjoyed a dramatic development in this area, becoming one of neglectable force in the provincial border between Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui. Some historical events, such as Xinhai Revolution, Anti-Yuan Shikai war, Zhangxun's Restoration, Jiang Jieshi's anti-revolution events, had close relationship with Green Gang. During the period of Anti-Japanese War, Green Gang in the Western Xuzhou was active than ever before. Cooperated with different political power, Green Gang was growing up soon. As the same time, the Gang came into the reorganizing stage, playing the Anti-Japanese and Pro-Japanese role in the Western Xuzhou. It can be safely concluded that Green Gang had imposed a significant influence in this area in history. Emphasized on the main Green Gang leader in the Western Xuzhou, this paper demonstrated the development of Green Gang during the period between the Xinhai Revolution and Anti-Japanese War. This paper is devoted to make some contribution to Green Gang research.