"confucius" Interrogative And Related Language Issues Dynasty

Kong Zi Jia Yu is a very special document for Confucius study. Scholars value it more as the discovering of Eight jiao porch Chinese Jian in Dingzhou, Hebei and Jian Du in tombs of Han Dynasty in Fuyang, Anhui and particularly because of the recent announcement of Warring States Chu books written on bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum. Yet few researches and discussions are made on its language characteristics exactly from the linguistic viewpoint. It is from this concern that we use Kong Zi Jia Yu as the language source of our study to study its language characteristics accurately. This dissertation discusses some syntactic questions like interrogative sentences, and at the same time by making necessary analysis, makes a comprehensive and systematic dynamic study based on static investigation to get glimpse of the historical development and evolving rules of interrogative sentences and provide references for future study. We try to carry on our study complying with the view of history to make it better reflect the syntactic characteristics during that time, so that we may provide useful linguistic evidence for constructing the history of Chinese grammar.This dissertation mainly uses the research Method of exhaust description. We collect each kind of sample sentences from Yang Zhao-ming's version of Kong Zi Jia Yu, and then carry on the comparative analysis from each aspect of the grammar system, explore its characteristics in multi-angles, describe its generalities and individualities on linguistic features. There are three kinds of interrogative sentences according to the study to Li Zuo-feng: the inquiring sentence, the rhetorical sentence and the conjuncture interrogative sentence in this thesis.We divide the inquiring sentence into three sorts: specific interrogative sentence, yes-or-no sentence and alternative sentence. The 220 specific interrogative sentences in this works consist of seven sorts using interrogative words such as HE, XI, SHUI, AN, WU, SHU and HU. The 90 yes-or-no sentences consist of two sorts: one is marked, the other is intoned. The 14 alternative sentences consist of two sorts: one has the horizon, the other have items to choose from.There are three forms of the rhetorical sentences in Kong Zi Jia Yu: specific interrogative sentence, yes-or-no sentence and progressive sentence. The 109 rhetorical sentences in special interrogative sentence form consist of these sentences using the words HE, WU, SHU, YAN, XI, HU, HE, SHUI and AN. The 96 rhetorical sentences in yes-or-no sentence form consist of these sentences using the negative words (such as BU, WU, FEI, WU, WEI and FU), rhetorical adverbs (such as QI, QI and YONG), auxiliary words (such as GAN and KE), or other forms. The 10 progressive sentences use the conjunctive word KUANG to express rhetorical mood.The 24 conjuncture interrogative sentences in Kong Zi Jia Yu mainly use conjuncture words QI, YI ZHE and HUO ZHE to make rhetorical questions. Among the modal particles at the end of interrogative sentences in this version, there are twelve used alone, namely HU, YE, ZAI, YAN, YU, ZHU, YE, YI, ZHE,JU,ER and ZE, etc. Besides, there are four modal particles used together, such as ZHE ZAI, YE FU, HU ZAI and ZAI YE which have appeared totally 391 times.