Research On The Interrogative Sentences In "jinpingmei Cihua"

The interrogative sentences of JinPingMei CiHua(???????)is rich,which reflects the basic features of linguistic development in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.So a systematic study of these sentences is fundamental to show features of interrogative sentences in the modern Chinese period,especially in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.The interrogative sentences of the book are divided into four categories,right-wrong interrogative sentence,specific interrogative sentence,positive and negative interrogative sentence,and alternative interrogative sentence.This paper tried to study interrogative sentences comprehensively and systematically,and to explore the origins,evolution of some interrogative words and interrogatives based on3D grammatical theory of syntax,semantias,pragmatics,supplemented by linguistic theories,and combined with research methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis,synchronic and diachronic study.The alternative interrogative sentences are classified according to the use of related markers.This part focuses on the alternative interrogative sentences with the ending word�Hao�(?).We clarified the development of these sentences,and found that these sentences have obvious Zen Buddhism culture characteristics.With the increase of frequency,there has been grammaticalization of the adjective word�Hao�(?)in ModernChinese,the phenomenon can also be found now.About the sentences with the structure of�(S)+VP+YeZenDe"((S)+VP+?+??�),we discussed their process of evolution.This structure originates from�K Na?Zuo Mo?�(K?????)in Zu Tang Ji(?????)which is with the southern dialect features.This structure does not appear in the literature of the Song Dynasty,it again flourishes in the Yuan Dynasty,and ultimately affects the JinPingMei CiHua(???????)which has the characteristics of northern Shan Dong dialect.For the right-wrong interrogative sentences in JinPingMei CiHua(???????),they are generally marked by interrogative adverb or interrogative mood particle.Which appears most frequently are interrogative adverb"Mo"(?)and interrogative mood"Me"(?).At the same time,there are a large number of unmarkedright-wrong interrogative sentences in the book.This section discussed the use of the word"Me"(?)from the perspective of the degree of doubt.Although�Ma�(?)does not appear in the book,but through the analysis,we found that the word"Me"(?)has the same functions as�Ma�(?).Interrogative adverb"Mo"(?)in the book can be used alone,but it can also be used with the word"Me"(?)"Ba"(?)"BuCheng"(??).It not only can be used to express conjecture but also can appear in rhetorical questions.The positive and negative interrogative sentences in JinPingMei CiHua(???????)mainly include"VP Neg VP","VP Neg"and the form of"Ke"(?).Among them,"VP Neg VP"is the main form of the positive and negative interrogative sentences.In the"VP Neg"type of positive and negative interrogative sentences,"Fou"(?)and"Wei"(?)and other negative words gradually give rise to the emerging negative word"BuCeng"(??)and"Mei You"(??).Moreover,through the data analysis,we found that the use of"VP BuCeng"(VP??)in the Ming Dynasty has obvious regional and unbalanced nature,which can be regarded as an important proof of the influence of the northern dialect to ShanDong dialect in the Ming Dynasty.In addition,the sentences in the form of"Ke"(?)also appear that can take the modal particle"Me"(?)and negative words"BuCeng"(??)?"Fou"(?)in the ending or not.�VP Neg VP�can also be used together with"Ke"(?)sentences.The interrogative pronouns and their complex forms in JinPingMei Ci Hua(???????)is very rich,not only retain the vast majority of forms in the Ancient Chinese and Middle Chinese,but also appear the forms from the Modern Chinese which have obvious advantages in use.This part is divided according to the use of interrogative pronouns and their complex forms,from the syntactic function,as well as taking the semantic distribution into account.The development of some interrogative pronouns and their complex forms have been studied in this paper.